Overview of Nicaragua
Though political unrest has given way to a period of calm and stability in scenic Nicaragua, the country has not quite escaped the stigma of the past and become the major tourist destination it deserves to be.
However, the tourism industry is growing. Nature lovers will adore the rich tapestry of flora and fauna within this Central American wonderland. It is only a matter of time before more travellers appreciate what a lucky few have already found.
Positioned between Costa Rica to the south and Honduras to the north, the country is flanked by seas on two sides: the Atlantic Caribbean stretches along its eastern shores, with the Pacific Ocean stretching out to the west.
Nicaragua is known as 'the land of lakes and volcanoes', with countless lagoons and lakes connected by networks of interlacing rivers and a chain of smouldering mountains and lava fields running along the country's Pacific side. Lago de Nicaragua, a 99-mile (160km) long freshwater, shark-inhabited lake, dominates the terrain of the southwest.
Rainforest blankets much of the lowlands, while high quality coffee beans grow along the highland slopes. Incredible animals make their homes in these environments: millions of sea turtles are born on the sandy western beaches, while jaguars and three-toed sloths roam the jungle canopies.
The lively Pacific western coastline produces great waves for surfing vacations, while tourists can appreciate the mix of languages and cultures along the relaxed eastern coast and embrace the Caribbean lifestyle with the locals.
The capital, Managua, isn't a picturesque city. Its modern facilities, like the airport and hospitals, make it a convenient stop for travellers. The colonial architecture of many cities and towns makes for some romantic destinations.
The atmosphere is more reminiscent of the days of Spanish rule than of modern Nicaragua. The country remains relatively underdeveloped. For some, this can mean unwanted difficulties. But for others, it is a chance for unique experiences and unspoiled attractions.
Key Facts
- Language:
- The official language in Nicaragua is Spanish. Some communities on the Caribbean Coast speak indigenous languages. English is understood at some tourist destinations.
- Passport/Visa:
-
Travellers from most western countries do not need to arrange a visa prior to entry. Tourist cards are granted on arrival for USD 10 and are good for stays up to 90 days. Extensions are possible for a fee of USD 2 per day.
All visitors must be in possession of onward or return tickets, documents for their destination outside of Nicaragua and evidence of sufficient funds to support themselves for the duration of their stay. It is recommended that tourists have six months' validity remaining on their passports upon arrival in any country.
- Currency:
-
The currency is the Nicaraguan córdoba (NIO). US Dollars can also be used for most common transactions. Bills must be in good condition to be accepted, but damaged bills can be exchanged at banks. All major cities have ATMs and most hotels and restaurants accept credit card payments.
- Electricity:
- Electrical current in Nicaragua is 120 volts, 60Hz. Flat blade plugs are used.
Travel to Nicaragua
Overview
Known as the 'land of lakes and volcanoes', the sublime natural features of Nicaragua make the country a paradise for hikers and nature lovers. There's probably no better destination for travellers looking for close encounters with volcanoes, both dormant and active.
The massive Lake Nicaragua provides a variety of exciting opportunities to explore on water and land. The largely unexplored and pristine rainforest of the Bosawas Biosphere Reserve dominates about 15 percent of Nicaragua.
Sun and sand enthusiasts also will not be disappointed. Those looking for a tropical getaway as yet unspoiled by crowds, and developed urban growth should holiday on the white beaches of the Corn Islands.
The tourist infrastructure in many of these places is not widely developed, making Nicaragua ideal for adventurous travellers looking for an experience of nature, rather than those wanting luxury and glamour.
However, Nicaragua's cities do offer urban fun, with Managua, Granada, and mountainous Matagalpa providing convenient travel hubs, colonial architecture, and interesting cultural experiences. The warmth of the climate is a pleasant bonus when travelling through Nicaragua.
Climate in Nicaragua
Nicaragua has a tropical climate and is hot year round with little seasonal variation. The wet season occurs from May to October, defined by potential daily showers and short heavy rainfalls. On the east coast, rains last longer into the year and the region experiences flooding during the rainy season.
The dry season is from November to April, when there is almost no rain and it can get very dry. The rainy season doesn't rule out travel because tropical downpours tend to be over quickly and the sun comes out soon afterwards.
Tropical storms and hurricanes are possible between July and October, with travellers preferring to avoid this period. Temperature fluctuations result mainly from elevation, with average temperatures differing widely between sea level and lowlands, and highlands and highland peaks.
Lowland daytime temperatures average above 86°F (30°C) with as much as 84% humidity, and highland temperatures average above 75°F (24°C). The hottest months are March and April. The best time to visit Nicaragua depends on desired activities and region, but the peak tourist season is between December and March.
Health Notes when travelling to Nicaragua
Visitors from a yellow fever infected area in the Americas or Africa require proof of their vaccination before entry. Malaria is a threat in many regions of Nicaragua and travellers are advised to seek medical advice and take some form prophylaxis.
Insect repellent and mosquito nets should be used to avoid malaria and dengue fever, both of which are carried by mosquitos. Recommended vaccinations include ones for hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and typhoid, and for rabies for those coming into contacts with animals, especially bats.
Modern medical facilities in Nicaragua are only found in major towns and cities, the best of which are in Managua. Rural communities lack modern hospitals and equipment, and medications are in short supply. If needing a hospital in Nicaragua, travellers should indicate that they desire a private hospital.
Comprehensive travel insurance is essential and travellers should take along any medication they require in its original packaging, and accompanied by a signed and dated letter from a doctor detailing what it is and why it is needed.
The most common health affliction for tourists is traveller's diarrhoea, which is preventable by safe water and food consumption. Travellers should not drink tap water, and should use common sense when eating uncooked foods.
Safety Notes when travelling to Nicaragua
Nicaragua is one of the safest countries to visit in the region and most trips are trouble-free. Travellers should avoid taking buses after dark, though, as road conditions are poor and highway driving during these hours is especially dangerous.
Political demonstrations and protests occur sporadically in urban areas and can become violent; tourists should avoid all street gatherings. Also, theft and violent crime are becoming more common in urban areas of the usually safe country. Travellers should be careful of muggings in taxis and only use official taxis with red license plates and the driver's ID above the dash.
Powerful waves and currents can make Nicaragua's beaches dangerous, and swimmers and surfers should exercise caution.
Customs in Nicaragua
A firm handshake for men and a peck on the cheek for women are customary greetings in Nicaragua. Visitors should note that while locals welcome haggling in markets and with street vendors, they don't accept it in shops. It's good manners to use the supplied shot glass to measure a drink when sharing a bottle of rum, rather than pouring freely from the bottle.
Duty Free in Nicaragua
Visitors to Nicaragua may import up to 200 cigarettes or 500g of tobacco, five litres of liquor, and five bottles of perfume. Fresh foods, live animals, plants and their products are restricted. Firearms require an import license.
Communication in Nicaragua
The international access code for Nicaragua is +505. The outgoing code is 00, followed by the relevant country code (00 44 for the United Kingdom).
Local mobile phone calls are usually cheapest with locally bought SIM cards and public wifi is widely available in all major cities and tourist centres. The country's mobile data network is always improving and works well in big cities, but can be painfully slow in rural areas.
Tipping in Nicaragua
Tips are not expected in Nicaragua except with guides and at restaurants, where a tip of around 10 percent is the norm for table service.
Passport/Visa Note
Travellers from most western countries do not need to arrange a visa prior to entry. Tourist cards are granted on arrival for USD 10 and are good for stays up to 90 days. Extensions are possible for a fee of USD 2 per day.
All visitors must be in possession of onward or return tickets, documents for their destination outside of Nicaragua and evidence of sufficient funds to support themselves for the duration of their stay. It is recommended that tourists have six months' validity remaining on their passports upon arrival in any country.
Entry Requirements
- Entry requirements for Americans:
-
Americans require a valid passport, but a visa is not necessary for touristic stays of up to 90 days. A tourist card, costing USD 10, will need to be purchased on arrival.
- Entry requirements for Canadians:
-
Canadians require a passport valid for six months beyond the date of arrival, but a visa is not necessary for touristic stays of up to 90 days. A tourist card, costing USD 10, will need to be purchased on arrival.
- Entry requirements for UK nationals:
-
UK nationals require a passport valid for six months beyond the date of arrival, but a visa is not necessary for touristic stays of up to 90 days. A tourist card, costing USD 10, will need to be purchased on arrival.
- Entry requirements for Australians:
-
Australians require a passport valid for six months beyond the date of arrival, but a visa is not necessary for touristic stays of up to 90 days. A tourist card, costing USD 10, will need to be purchased on arrival.
- Entry requirements for Irish nationals:
-
Irish nationals require a passport valid for six months beyond date of arrival, but a visa is not necessary for touristic stays of up to 90 days. A tourist card, costing USD 10, will need to be purchased on arrival.
- Entry requirements for New Zealanders:
-
New Zealand nationals require a passport valid for six months beyond arrival, but a visa is not necessary for touristic stays of up to 90 days. A tourist card, costing USD 10, will need to be purchased on arrival.
- Entry requirements for South Africans:
-
South Africans require a passport valid for six months beyond date of arrival, but a visa is not necessary for touristic stays of up to 90 days. A tourist card, costing USD 10, will need to be purchased on arrival.
Tourist Offices
Nicaraguan Institute of Tourism, Managua, Nicaragua: +505 2254 5191 or http://www.visitanicaragua.com/ingles
Nicaragua Embassies
- In the United States:
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Embassy of Nicaragua in Washington DC, United States: +1 (202) 939 6570.
- In Canada:
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Nicaraguan Embassy, Ottawa, Canada: +1 (613) 252 5880.
- In the United Kingdom:
-
Embassy of Nicaragua, London, United Kingdom (also responsible for Ireland): +44 (020) 7938 2373.
Foreign Embassies in Nicaragua
- American Embassy
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US Embassy, Managua: +505 2252 7100.
- Canadian Embassy
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Canadian Embassy, San José, Costa Rica (also responsible for Nicaragua): +506 2242 4400.
- British Embassy
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British Embassy San Jose, Costa Rica (also responsible for Nicaragua): +506 2258 2025.
- South African Embassy
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South African Honorary Consulate, Managua, Nicaragua: (+505) 2270 5634.
Travel Advisories
Health Information for Travelers to Nicaragua
Content source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Hide Vaccines and Medicines
Check the vaccines and medicines list and visit your doctor (ideally, 4-6 weeks) before your trip to get vaccines or medicines you may need.
| | Find Out Why | Protect Yourself |
All travelers You should be up to date on routine vaccinations while traveling to any destination. Some vaccines may also be required for travel. |
| Routine vaccines | Make sure you are up-to-date on routine vaccines before every trip. These vaccines include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, varicella (chickenpox) vaccine, polio vaccine, and your yearly flu shot. |   |
Most travelers Get travel vaccines and medicines because there is a risk of these diseases in the country you are visiting. |
| Hepatitis A | CDC recommends this vaccine because you can get hepatitis A through contaminated food or water in Nicaragua, regardless of where you are eating or staying. |  |
| Typhoid | You can get typhoid through contaminated food or water in Nicaragua. CDC recommends this vaccine for most travelers, especially if you are staying with friends or relatives, visiting smaller cities or rural areas, or if you are an adventurous eater. | |
Some travelers Ask your doctor what vaccines and medicines you need based on where you are going, how long you are staying, what you will be doing, and if you are traveling from a country other than the US. |
| Hepatitis B | You can get hepatitis B through sexual contact, contaminated needles, and blood products, so CDC recommends this vaccine if you might have sex with a new partner, get a tattoo or piercing, or have any medical procedures. |   |
| Malaria | When traveling in Nicaragua, you should avoid mosquito bites to prevent malaria. You may need to take prescription medicine before, during, and after your trip to prevent malaria, depending on your travel plans, such as where you are going, when you are traveling, and if you are spending a lot of time outdoors or sleeping outside. Talk to your doctor about how you can prevent malaria while traveling. For more information on malaria in Nicaragua, see malaria in Nicaragua. |   |
| Rabies | Rabies can be found in dogs, bats, and other mammals in Nicaragua, so CDC recommends this vaccine for the following groups: - Travelers involved in outdoor and other activities (such as camping, hiking, biking, adventure travel, and caving) that put them at risk for animal bites.
- People who will be working with or around animals (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, and researchers).
- People who are taking long trips or moving to Nicaragua
- Children, because they tend to play with animals, might not report bites, and are more likely to have animal bites on their head and neck.
|  |
All travelers
You should be up to date on routine vaccinations while traveling to any destination. Some vaccines may also be required for travel.
Make sure you are up-to-date on routine vaccines before every trip. These vaccines include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, varicella (chickenpox) vaccine, polio vaccine, and your yearly flu shot.
Most travelers
Get travel vaccines and medicines because there is a risk of these diseases in the country you are visiting.
CDC recommends this vaccine because you can get hepatitis A through contaminated food or water in Nicaragua, regardless of where you are eating or staying.
You can get typhoid through contaminated food or water in Nicaragua. CDC recommends this vaccine for most travelers, especially if you are staying with friends or relatives, visiting smaller cities or rural areas, or if you are an adventurous eater.
Some travelers
Ask your doctor what vaccines and medicines you need based on where you are going, how long you are staying, what you will be doing, and if you are traveling from a country other than the US.
You can get hepatitis B through sexual contact, contaminated needles, and blood products, so CDC recommends this vaccine if you might have sex with a new partner, get a tattoo or piercing, or have any medical procedures.
When traveling in Nicaragua, you should avoid mosquito bites to prevent malaria. You may need to take prescription medicine before, during, and after your trip to prevent malaria, depending on your travel plans, such as where you are going, when you are traveling, and if you are spending a lot of time outdoors or sleeping outside. Talk to your doctor about how you can prevent malaria while traveling. For more information on malaria in Nicaragua, see malaria in Nicaragua.
Rabies can be found in dogs, bats, and other mammals in Nicaragua, so CDC recommends this vaccine for the following groups:
- Travelers involved in outdoor and other activities (such as camping, hiking, biking, adventure travel, and caving) that put them at risk for animal bites.
- People who will be working with or around animals (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, and researchers).
- People who are taking long trips or moving to Nicaragua
- Children, because they tend to play with animals, might not report bites, and are more likely to have animal bites on their head and neck.
Key
- Get vaccinated
- Take antimalarial meds
- Eat and drink safely
- Prevent bug bites
- Keep away from animals
- Reduce your exposure to germs
- Avoid sharing body fluids
- Avoid non-sterile medical or cosmetic equipment
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Hide Stay Healthy and Safe
Learn actions you can take to stay healthy and safe on your trip. Vaccines cannot protect you from many diseases in Nicaragua, so your behaviors are important.
Unclean food and water can cause travelers' diarrhea and other diseases. Reduce your risk by sticking to safe food and water habits.
Eat
- Food that is cooked and served hot
- Hard-cooked eggs
- Fruits and vegetables you have washed in clean water or peeled yourself
- Pasteurized dairy products
Don't Eat
- Food served at room temperature
- Food from street vendors
- Raw or soft-cooked (runny) eggs
- Raw or undercooked (rare) meat or fish
- Unwashed or unpeeled raw fruits and vegetables
- Unpasteurized dairy products
- ”Bushmeat” (monkeys, bats, or other wild game)
Drink
- Bottled water that is sealed
- Water that has been disinfected
- Ice made with bottled or disinfected water
- Carbonated drinks
- Hot coffee or tea
- Pasteurized milk
Don’t Drink
- Tap or well water
- Ice made with tap or well water
- Drinks made with tap or well water (such as reconstituted juice)
- Unpasteurized milk
Take Medicine
Talk with your doctor about taking prescription or over-the-counter drugs with you on your trip in case you get sick.
Hide Bugs (like mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas) can spread a number of diseases in Nicaragua. Many of these diseases cannot be prevented with a vaccine or medicine. You can reduce your risk by taking steps to prevent bug bites.
What can I do to prevent bug bites?
- Cover exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats.
- Use an appropriate insect repellent (see below).
- Use permethrin-treated clothing and gear (such as boots, pants, socks, and tents). Do not use permethrin directly on skin.
- Stay and sleep in air-conditioned or screened rooms.
- Use a bed net if the area where you are sleeping is exposed to the outdoors.
What type of insect repellent should I use?
- FOR PROTECTION AGAINST TICKS AND MOSQUITOES: Use a repellent that contains 20% or more DEET for protection that lasts up to several hours.
- FOR PROTECTION AGAINST MOSQUITOES ONLY: Products with one of the following active ingredients can also help prevent mosquito bites. Higher percentages of active ingredient provide longer protection.
- DEET
- Picaridin (also known as KBR 3023, Bayrepel, and icaridin)
- Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or PMD
- IR3535
- Always use insect repellent as directed.
What should I do if I am bitten by bugs?
- Avoid scratching bug bites, and apply hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion to reduce the itching.
- Check your entire body for ticks after outdoor activity. Be sure to remove ticks properly.
What can I do to avoid bed bugs?
Although bed bugs do not carry disease, they are an annoyance. See our information page about avoiding bug bites for some easy tips to avoid them. For more information on bed bugs, see Bed Bugs.
For more detailed information on avoiding bug bites, see Avoid Bug Bites.
Note: Zika is a risk in Nicaragua. For more information, see Zika Virus in Nicaragua.
Hide If your travel plans in Nicaragua include outdoor activities, take these steps to stay safe and healthy during your trip.
- Stay alert to changing weather conditions and adjust your plans if conditions become unsafe.
- Prepare for activities by wearing the right clothes and packing protective items, such as bug spray, sunscreen, and a basic first aid kit.
- Consider learning basic first aid and CPR before travel. Bring a travel health kit with items appropriate for your activities.
- Heat-related illness, such as heat stroke, can be deadly. Eat and drink regularly, wear loose and lightweight clothing, and limit physical activity during high temperatures.
- If you are outside for many hours in heat, eat salty snacks and drink water to stay hydrated and replace salt lost through sweating.
- Protect yourself from UV radiation: use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15, wear protective clothing, and seek shade during the hottest time of day (10 a.m.–4 p.m.).
- Be especially careful during summer months and at high elevation. Because sunlight reflects off snow, sand, and water, sun exposure may be increased during activities like skiing, swimming, and sailing.
- Very cold temperatures can be dangerous. Dress in layers and cover heads, hands, and feet properly if you are visiting a cold location.
Stay safe around water
- Swim only in designated swimming areas. Obey lifeguards and warning flags on beaches.
- Practice safe boating—follow all boating safety laws, do not drink alcohol if driving a boat, and always wear a life jacket.
- Do not dive into shallow water.
- Do not swim in freshwater in developing areas or where sanitation is poor.
- Avoid swallowing water when swimming. Untreated water can carry germs that make you sick.
- To prevent infections, wear shoes on beaches where there may be animal waste.
Leptospirosis, a bacterial infection that can be spread in fresh water, is found in Nicaragua. Avoid swimming in fresh, unchlorinated water, such as lakes, ponds, or rivers.
Hide Most animals avoid people, but they may attack if they feel threatened, are protecting their young or territory, or if they are injured or ill. Animal bites and scratches can lead to serious diseases such as rabies.
Follow these tips to protect yourself:
- Do not touch or feed any animals you do not know.
- Do not allow animals to lick open wounds, and do not get animal saliva in your eyes or mouth.
- Avoid rodents and their urine and feces.
- Traveling pets should be supervised closely and not allowed to come in contact with local animals.
- If you wake in a room with a bat, seek medical care immediately. Bat bites may be hard to see.
All animals can pose a threat, but be extra careful around dogs, bats, monkeys, sea animals such as jellyfish, and snakes. If you are bitten or scratched by an animal, immediately:
- Wash the wound with soap and clean water.
- Go to a doctor right away.
- Tell your doctor about your injury when you get back to the United States.
Consider buying medical evacuation insurance. Rabies is a deadly disease that must be treated quickly, and treatment may not be available in some countries.
Hide Reduce your exposure to germs
Follow these tips to avoid getting sick or spreading illness to others while traveling:
- Wash your hands often, especially before eating.
- If soap and water aren’t available, clean hands with hand sanitizer (containing at least 60% alcohol).
- Don’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. If you need to touch your face, make sure your hands are clean.
- Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing.
- Try to avoid contact with people who are sick.
- If you are sick, stay home or in your hotel room, unless you need medical care.
Hide Avoid sharing body fluids
Diseases can be spread through body fluids, such as saliva, blood, vomit, and semen.
Protect yourself:
- Use latex condoms correctly.
- Do not inject drugs.
- Limit alcohol consumption. People take more risks when intoxicated.
- Do not share needles or any devices that can break the skin. That includes needles for tattoos, piercings, and acupuncture.
- If you receive medical or dental care, make sure the equipment is disinfected or sanitized.
Hide Know how to get medical care while traveling
Plan for how you will get health care during your trip, should the need arise:
- Carry a list of local doctors and hospitals at your destination.
- Review your health insurance plan to determine what medical services it would cover during your trip. Consider purchasing travel health and medical evacuation insurance.
- Carry a card that identifies, in the local language, your blood type, chronic conditions or serious allergies, and the generic names of any medications you take.
- Some prescription drugs may be illegal in other countries. Call Nicaragua’s embassy to verify that all of your prescription(s) are legal to bring with you.
- Bring all the medicines (including over-the-counter medicines) you think you might need during your trip, including extra in case of travel delays. Ask your doctor to help you get prescriptions filled early if you need to.
Many foreign hospitals and clinics are accredited by the Joint Commission International. A list of accredited facilities is available at their website (www.jointcommissioninternational.org).
In some countries, medicine (prescription and over-the-counter) may be substandard or counterfeit. Bring the medicines you will need from the United States to avoid having to buy them at your destination.
Malaria is a risk in some parts of Nicaragua. If you are going to a risk area, fill your malaria prescription before you leave, and take enough with you for the entire length of your trip. Follow your doctor’s instructions for taking the pills; some need to be started before you leave.
Hide Select safe transportation
Motor vehicle crashes are the #1 killer of healthy US citizens in foreign countries.
In many places cars, buses, large trucks, rickshaws, bikes, people on foot, and even animals share the same lanes of traffic, increasing the risk for crashes.
Walking
Be smart when you are traveling on foot.
- Use sidewalks and marked crosswalks.
- Pay attention to the traffic around you, especially in crowded areas.
- Remember, people on foot do not always have the right of way in other countries.
Riding/Driving
Choose a safe vehicle.
- Choose official taxis or public transportation, such as trains and buses.
- Ride only in cars that have seatbelts.
- Avoid overcrowded, overloaded, top-heavy buses and minivans.
- Avoid riding on motorcycles or motorbikes, especially motorbike taxis. (Many crashes are caused by inexperienced motorbike drivers.)
- Choose newer vehicles—they may have more safety features, such as airbags, and be more reliable.
- Choose larger vehicles, which may provide more protection in crashes.
Think about the driver.
- Do not drive after drinking alcohol or ride with someone who has been drinking.
- Consider hiring a licensed, trained driver familiar with the area.
- Arrange payment before departing.
Follow basic safety tips.
- Wear a seatbelt at all times.
- Sit in the back seat of cars and taxis.
- When on motorbikes or bicycles, always wear a helmet. (Bring a helmet from home, if needed.)
- Avoid driving at night; street lighting in certain parts of Nicaragua may be poor.
- Do not use a cell phone or text while driving (illegal in many countries).
- Travel during daylight hours only, especially in rural areas.
- If you choose to drive a vehicle in Nicaragua, learn the local traffic laws and have the proper paperwork.
- Get any driving permits and insurance you may need. Get an International Driving Permit (IDP). Carry the IDP and a US-issued driver's license at all times.
- Check with your auto insurance policy's international coverage, and get more coverage if needed. Make sure you have liability insurance.
Flying
- Avoid using local, unscheduled aircraft.
- If possible, fly on larger planes (more than 30 seats); larger airplanes are more likely to have regular safety inspections.
- Try to schedule flights during daylight hours and in good weather.
Medical Evacuation Insurance
If you are seriously injured, emergency care may not be available or may not meet US standards. Trauma care centers are uncommon outside urban areas. Having medical evacuation insurance can be helpful for these reasons.
Helpful Resources
Road Safety Overseas (Information from the US Department of State): Includes tips on driving in other countries, International Driving Permits, auto insurance, and other resources.
The Association for International Road Travel has country-specific Road Travel Reports available for most countries for a minimal fee.
For information traffic safety and road conditions in Nicaragua, see Travel and Transportation on US Department of State's country-specific information for Nicaragua.
Hide Maintain personal security
Use the same common sense traveling overseas that you would at home, and always stay alert and aware of your surroundings.
Before you leave
- Research your destination(s), including local laws, customs, and culture.
- Monitor travel warnings and alerts and read travel tips from the US Department of State.
- Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP).
- Leave a copy of your itinerary, contact information, credit cards, and passport with someone at home.
- Pack as light as possible, and leave at home any item you could not replace.
While at your destination(s)
- Carry contact information for the nearest US embassy or consulate.
- Carry a photocopy of your passport and entry stamp; leave the actual passport securely in your hotel.
- Follow all local laws and social customs.
- Do not wear expensive clothing or jewelry.
- Always keep hotel doors locked, and store valuables in secure areas.
- If possible, choose hotel rooms between the 2nd and 6th floors.
Hide Top
Hide Healthy Travel Packing List
Use the Healthy Travel Packing List for Nicaragua for a list of health-related items to consider packing for your trip. Talk to your doctor about which items are most important for you.
Why does CDC recommend packing these health-related items?
It’s best to be prepared to prevent and treat common illnesses and injuries. Some supplies and medicines may be difficult to find at your destination, may have different names, or may have different ingredients than what you normally use.
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Hide Travel Health Notices
Be aware of current health issues in Nicaragua. Learn how to protect yourself.
Alert Level 2, Practice Enhanced Precautions
- Zika Virus in Nicaragua August 29, 2017 Zika virus (or Zika) has been reported. Public health officials have reported that mosquitoes are infected with Zika and spreading it to people.
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If you are not feeling well after your trip, you may need to see a doctor. If you need help finding a travel medicine specialist, see Find a Clinic. Be sure to tell your doctor about your travel, including where you went and what you did on your trip. Also tell your doctor if you were bitten or scratched by an animal while traveling.
If your doctor prescribed antimalarial medicine for your trip, keep taking the rest of your pills after you return home. If you stop taking your medicine too soon, you could still get sick.
Malaria is always a serious disease and may be a deadly illness. If you become ill with a fever either while traveling in a malaria-risk area or after you return home (for up to 1 year), you should seek immediate medical attention and should tell the doctor about your travel history.
For more information on what to do if you are sick after your trip, see Getting Sick after Travel.
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Map Disclaimer - The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement are generally marked.
Currency
The currency is the Nicaraguan córdoba (NIO). US Dollars can also be used for most common transactions. Bills must be in good condition to be accepted, but damaged bills can be exchanged at banks. All major cities have ATMs and most hotels and restaurants accept credit card payments.
Managua International Airport (MGA)
Augusto C Sandino International Airport
http://www.eaai.com.ni
Location: Managua Managua International Airport is about seven miles (11km) east of Managua.
Time: Local time is GMT -6
Contacts:
Tel: (505) 2276 9180 or (505) 2276 9182
Getting to the city:
Taxis and rental cars are available.
Car rental:
Car rental companies represented at the airport include Hertz, Thrifty, Toyota, Payless, Dollar, and Budget.
Airport Taxis:
Official airport taxis are available outside the terminal. However, normal city cabs can usually be found across the road from the airport and often charge much less.
Facilities:
Managua International Airport has duty-free shops, souvenir shops, ATMs, rental car kiosks, small restaurants, and a VIP lounge.
Parking:
Parking is located in front of the main building of the airport. The first hour is NIO 20, with an additional NIO 10 for each subsequent half hour, and NIO 150 for cars parked overnight.
Overview of the Attractions in Nicaragua
Known as the 'land of lakes and volcanoes', the sublime natural features of Nicaragua make the country a paradise for hikers and nature lovers. There's probably no better destination for travellers looking for close encounters with volcanoes, both dormant and active.
The massive Lake Nicaragua provides a variety of exciting opportunities to explore on water and land. The largely unexplored and pristine rainforest of the Bosawas Biosphere Reserve dominates about 15 percent of Nicaragua.
Sun and sand enthusiasts also will not be disappointed. Those looking for a tropical getaway as yet unspoiled by crowds, and developed urban growth should holiday on the white beaches of the Corn Islands.
The tourist infrastructure in many of these places is not widely developed, making Nicaragua ideal for adventurous travellers looking for an experience of nature, rather than those wanting luxury and glamour.
However, Nicaragua's cities do offer urban fun, with Managua, Granada, and mountainous Matagalpa providing convenient travel hubs, colonial architecture, and interesting cultural experiences. The warmth of the climate is a pleasant bonus when travelling through Nicaragua.
Nicaragua's Volcanoes
Managua
No trip to Nicaragua is complete without a hike up at least one of the country's many volcanoes. Nicaragua is home to a remarkable string running from the southern mountains around Lake Nicaragua up to the impressive northern Cosiguina Volcano, towering over the Gulf of Fonseca.
Many of the Nicaraguan volcanoes are dormant. But since some remain active, it is advisable to hike the volcanoes with a guide or local tour group. Some of the more popular volcanoes include Maderas, Concepcion, Zapatera, Mombacho, Laguna de Apoyo, Masaya, Apoyeque, Momotombo, Cerro Negro, Telica, San Cristobal, and Cosiguina.
Maderas, Concepcion, and Zapatera rise up out of Lake Nicaragua. Zapatera stands alone while Maderas and Concepcion are located on Ometepe Island, popular climbing choices for visitors. Concepcion is an active volcano, but Maderas is dormant.
Zapatera is not popular among tourists as it is difficult to reach and the volcano itself is both extinct and relatively small at 2,063 feet (629m). Mombacho Volcano lies on the banks of Lake Nicaragua and is thought to be the source of the lake's islands.
Mombacho is great for hiking and it's even possible to drive to the top. The beautiful Laguna de Apoyo is a tranquil crater lake popular with hikers and swimmers. The western shore of the lake has an active fumarole emitting steam and gas.
Masaya Volcano National Park is a short drive from Managua, with the smoking Masaya Volcano as its principal attraction. A paved road goes up to the crater where visitors can marvel at the white plume of smoke or try to spot the colony of green parakeets living in the crater itself.
Apoyeque Volcano is also a quick trip from Managua. This volcano is extinct and water fills the crater, with visitors able to take in the spectacular surrounding scenery or cool off with a swim in the crystal clear waters of the volcano.
Momotombo is the quintessential cone-shaped volcano. It is active and last erupted in 2015, after a century of inactivity. Momotombo is popular with experienced climbers and is visible from Managua, situated more than 60 miles (100km) from the Nicaraguan capital.
The Nicaraguan government uses Momotombo to produce geothermal energy and electricity. Telica Volcano also erupted in 2015, with those who brave the strenuous 8-12 hour hike to its summit will be able to see molten lava glowing at the bottom of the crater.
Cerro Negro Volcano last erupted in 1999 and is the youngest volcano in Central America. It has blackened slopes and is scattered with volcanic rocks. Climbing it can take about an hour and one of Cerro Negro's slopes is used for sand skiing.
The 5,725-foot (1,745m) San Cristobel Volcano is Nicaragua's tallest active volcano. San Cristobel last erupted in 2008 and the entire complex consists of five smaller volcanoes. With steep slopes, it is a challenging climb and spectacular views reward those who make it to the crater.
Lastly, Cosiguina Volcano offers hikers some of the most impressive views and mountain scenery. Travellers reach the crater via a forest hike or drive most of the way up. From the parking area, the hike to the crater is only three hours. The top offers panoramic views of the Gulf of Fonseca, Honduras, and El Salvador.
Hiking in Nicaragua offers spectacular views and impressive landscapes, with awe-inspiring craters and splendid photographic opportunities. It's a rewarding experience for all those who make the effort on their trip to Nicaragua.
Montelimar Beach
Managua
Montelimar Beach sits on the Pacific Coast of Nicaragua, offering tourists the perfect Nicaraguan beach resort experience. It is one of the most beautiful beaches in the country and is the closest to the capital city of Managua, where many travellers begin their Nicaraguan visit.
The Barcelo Hotel and Resort on the old Somoza Estate is a great option for those wanting an all-inclusive beach resort getaway, featuring a huge pool, said to be the largest in the country, and even a casino overlooking the sea.
For those who prefer to avoid package deals and resorts, there are a few other options for accommodation near Montelimar Beach. The most popular activity in Montelimar is simply relaxing on the 1.5-mile (3km) stretch of beach made up of pristine white sand.
Visitors can also enjoy the animals at the nearby zoo, or go shopping at the popular curio stalls and shops dotted throughout the area. Other things to do in this Nicaraguan resort town include scuba diving, surfing, and snorkelling. Montelimar Beach is a must for visitors seeking a stress-free holiday filled with relaxation and sun.
Corn Islands
Adventurous travellers should definitely include the Corn Islands on their list of things to do in Nicaragua. Situated 40 miles (70km) from the mainland near the city of Bluefields, the two islands are home to howler monkeys, bats, and iguanas.
Most of the wildlife is located beneath the waves. The seas and surrounding coral reefs are extremely popular with divers, fishing enthusiasts, and snorkelers, with barracudas, nurse sharks, spotted eagle rays, green turtles, and even hammerhead sharks cruising the waters.
In the 17th century, the islands were a hideaway for pirates and smugglers, and there are still mutterings of sunken treasure and old shipwrecks. Because tourism in the destination is still in its infancy, visitors won't find modern hotels or luxury resorts on Big Corn Island and Little Corn Island.
Instead, there's a wealth of unspoiled plant and animal life, with a few sparsely populated villages offering simple, inexpensive accommodation. The Corn Islands are a perfect holiday destination in Nicaragua, a tropical paradise somehow still overlooked by tourists yet offering the expected white sandy beaches and fruit trees.
Bosawas Biosphere Reserve
Situated on both sides of the border between Nicaragua and Honduras, the Bosawas Biosphere Reserve covers more than 2 million acres (8093,71 square km) and is home to thousands of plant and animal species, and nearly 200,000 types of insect.
The area was designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1997, and is the second largest rainforest in the Western Hemisphere, second only to the Amazon in Brazil. In fact, the reserve, including buffer zones, takes up about 15 percent of the country's total land area.
The forest is still remarkably unexplored and pristine, a dream for true nature lovers. Tourists who make the effort to visit the Bosawas Biosphere Reserve will discover a rich array of animal life, including pumas, jaguars, and one of the largest and most powerful eagles in the Americas, the harpy eagle.
The indigenous peoples, the Sumos and the Miskito, still practice subsistence farming within the boundaries of the reserve, much as they have done for centuries. Guided treks through the forest are available from a number of reputable tour operators.
Granada
Managua
The colourful city of Granada offers visitors plenty of historical sights and beautiful colonial architecture, some of which dates back to the 1600s. Granada was founded in 1524 and is said to be one of the oldest cities in the New World, a Spanish showpiece that still retains a regal (if dilapidated) charm.
Many of the historic buildings have been restored multiple times over the centuries, with residents making an effort to protect their heritage despite pirate invasions and civil wars. The city boasts some lively markets and interesting museums popular with tourists.
Granada is home to a vibrant nightlife scene and a number of popular festivals, including the colourful Granada Holy Week festivities. Popular places to visit in Granada include the town's main churches, Parque Central (Central Park), Fuerte La Polvora (an 18th-century fort), Lake Nicaragua, and the Mi Museo (a private museum).
Other fun things to do in and around Granada include forest canopy tours, treks around the Masaya Volcano, shopping excursions at the town's local market, and trips to coffee plantations. Granada is the best town for visitors to use as a base while exploring Lake Nicaragua, as well as many of the country's volcanoes and beaches.
Lake Nicaragua
Managua
Sometimes referred to as Lake Cocibolca, Lake Nicaragua is Central America's largest lake and 10th largest body of fresh water in the world. A number of attractions apart from its size make Lake Nicaragua remarkable, spreading out beneath Mombacho Volcano.
It is one of the few freshwater bodies in the world that contains sharks. Bull sharks inhabit the depths of the lake and are a rare sight for even the most devoted spotters. Despite the lake's importance in the region, tourist infrastructure isn't necessarily up to standard.
Known locally as Las Isletas, the collection of small islands scattered within the lake are believed to be the result of a volcanic eruption thousands of years ago, which spewed massive rocks out into the water. The lake is also home to the volcanic Ometepe Island with its twin volcanic peaks.
Visitors to Lake Nicaragua can hire a boat and tour the islands while taking in the spectacular scenery and diverse bird and aquatic life. The cities of Granada, San Carlos, San Jorge, and San Miguelito are all located on the shores of Lake Nicaragua, making it easily accessible for tourists.
National Museum of Nicaragua
Managua
The National Museum in Managua is one of Nicaragua's principal tourist attractions and the city's best museum. The museum building sits imposing and attractive on the Plaza de Revolucion, where the ruined cathedral and a number of other important buildings stand.
It houses a fascinating selection of artefacts and a number of displays about Central American history, ancient Central American civilisations, and the pre-Columbus period. The museum's nine rooms contain a selection of modern art.
There are also informative exhibitions about the country's turbulent natural history, including information about the numerous Nicaraguan volcanoes and earthquakes that have devastated the country over the years.
The museum staff are helpful, informative, and friendly, making it an ideal attraction for any visitor wanting to learn more about Nicaragua. If you don't read or speak Spanish, it is best to take a guided tour, as there is not much information in English.
In fact, the tours are the best way to get to grips with all the information and bring it all to life, even if you do speak the language. Although the exhibits are not quite world class and there is certainly room for improvement, the National Museum is a fascinating place to spend a few hours.
Ometepe Island
Managua
The twin volcanoes on Lake Nicaragua are highlights for visitors to the scenic country. Visitors to the islands explore volcanoes by hiking through rainforests, while they can also pay a trip to a local coffee farm that is dependent on the fertile slopes to grow fragrant beans.
Birds and wildlife will delight nature lovers, while sports enthusiasts can enjoy kayaking and fishing tours around the island. For those who brave hiking the 5282-foot (1610m) summit of one of the volcanoes, the views are unsurpassed. Visitors could easily spend a few days exploring the numerous natural attractions the islands have to offer.
Boats to the islands are available from San Jorge, just outside Rivas, and ferries also depart from San Carlos and Granada. They don't leave every day and are sometimes inactive due to low water levels. The crossing takes roughly 60 minutes and the trip is perfect to take in lake scenery.
Matagalpa
A good starting point for travellers exploring Nicaragua's mountainous regions, Matagalpa is the fourth largest city in Nicaragua and one of the most important commercial centres. Sometimes called the 'Pearl of the North' or even the 'Land of Eternal Spring', Matagalpa is surrounded by beautiful valleys and steep hills.
They are home to coffee and cattle farms, traditional Indian villages, volcanoes, and waterfalls. The city has a uniquely German culture due to settlers in the region, but most of the residents speak English. Despite its size, it feels more like a village with a distinct local character and sense of community.
Matagalpa is mainly attractive for tourists as a paradise for outdoor activities like hiking, bird watching, and horseback riding, and it is the city's location rather than its sightseeing attractions that make it worth visiting.
Having said that, there are some interesting museums in Matagalpa and a visit to one of the coffee plantations is a must for fanatics as the region produces very high quality coffee. There is a decent shopping and restaurant scene, and a good range of accommodation to suit all budgets.
Public Holidays in Nicaragua
| |
2020 |
2021 |
| New Year's Day |
Wed. January 1 |
Wed. January 1 |
| Holy Thursday |
Sat. March 29 |
Fri. April 18 |
| Good Friday |
Thu. April 10 |
Wed. April 2 |
| Labour Day |
Thu. May 1 |
Thu. May 1 |
| Sandinista Revolution Anniversary |
Sat. July 19 |
Sat. July 19 |
| Battle of San Jacinto |
Sun. September 14 |
Sun. September 14 |
| Independence Day |
Mon. September 15 |
Mon. September 15 |
| Immaculate Conception |
Mon. December 8 |
Mon. December 8 |
| Christmas Day |
Thu. December 25 |
Thu. December 25 |
