Nigeria

Overview of Nigeria

Situated in tropical West Africa, the oil-rich state of Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa. It is listed as one of the 'Next Eleven' major economies of the world - yet despite its abundant natural resources and its position as Africa's largest economy, poverty remains pervasive.

Decades of civil war, famine, military dictatorships, and rampant corruption have left the country with deep divisions that will take many years to heal completely, but Nigeria shows stirring signs of recovery. The country is made up of over 500 ethnic groups and several religions, with a wide variety of languages, customs, and cultures shaping a diverse nation.

Abuja is the capital city, but the largest economic centre and chief port is the former colonial capital of Lagos, located on the Bight of Benin in southwestern Nigeria. The capital was moved to Abuja, located in the heart of the country, in 1991, largely in a bid to curb the frenetic migration to Lagos not only from rural Nigeria, but from neighbouring countries too. Despite this measure, Lagos remains a sprawling, industrial metropolis, home to over 15 million people.

Although the vast majority of visitors arrive on business, the country is emerging as a prominent tourist destination in Africa, welcoming nearly two million travellers a year. With 500 miles (805km) of coastline, a vibrant arts and culture scene, and abundant natural beauty, Nigeria has all the raw ingredients to make for a top tourist destination.

In an effort to unlock the country's tourism potential, the government has pledged to increase investment and improve infrastructure. Meanwhile, only the most adventurous travellers are enjoying this diverse land of sandy beaches, tropical forest, magnificent waterfalls, and fascinating historic and cultural sites.

map of Nigeria


Key Facts

Language:
English is the official language in Nigeria and is widely used, though many other languages are also spoken.
Passport/Visa:

Nationals of virtually all countries require a visa to enter Nigeria, the few exceptions are mainly neighbouring African states. Visas must be obtained in advance and all visitors require a return ticket, documents for onward travel and sufficient funds. Those entering for business reasons must also have a letter of invitation and verification from Nigerian representatives abroad stating purpose of entry. Passports must be valid for at least six months after arrival.

Visas can be obtained on arrival. E-visas can be obtained before departure at www.portal.immigration.gov.ng/visa/freshVisa. Passengers must have a printed e-visa confirmation.

Currency:

Nigerian currency is the naira (NGN), which is divided into 100 kobo. Approved exchange facilities include major hotels and the airport, but official rates are very high. It is illegal to change money on the street. Credit card fraud is a problem, and visitors are advised to exercise caution when using credit cards. Credit card facilities are also limited outside of the major cities. Prior to travel, visitors should ensure they have a variety of currency options available to them (pounds, US dollars, or euro) in cash. Travellers should be aware of the prevalence of commercial fraud in Nigeria.

Electricity:
Electrical current is 230 volts, 50Hz. Round and square three-pin plugs are used.

Travel to Nigeria

Overview

The majority of visitors travel to Nigeria for business purposes and don't do much sightseeing, but that doesn't mean that there aren't some fascinating attractions in Nigeria that are worth a visit for anyone willing to stray off the beaten path.

Most travel centres on the major cities of Lagos and Abuja, which offer plenty of attractions in the form of national museums, bustling markets, and pretty parks. Venture further afield however, and visitors will discover the beautiful beaches on the coast, the sacred forest groves of Osogbo, the pre-colonial settlements at Sungbo's Eredo, and picturesque scenery in Nigeria's national parks.

A holiday in Nigeria is definitely for the adventurous, and is guaranteed to be unforgettable!

Climate in Nigeria

Nigeria is generally hot all year round, lying within the tropical zone with little variation between winter and summer. Seasons are defined as the wet season, from April to October, and the dry season, from November until March. The dry season is accompanied by the dusty northeast winds where midday temperatures that can sometimes reach 100°F (38°C). The wet season is particularly noticeable on the south-eastern coast, where annual rainfall reaches about 130 inches (330cm), where temperatures rarely exceed 90°F (32°C).

Health Notes when travelling to Nigeria

Because Nigeria still struggles with diseases such as cholera, yellow fever and polio, so vaccinations are recommended. Visitors should drink only boiled or bottled water and avoid ice in drinks. Repellent, antimalarial meds, and netting will come in handy too because of malaria, dengue, and chikungunya. TB inoculations are also recommended. Visitors should seek the latest medical advice on vaccinations at least three weeks prior to departure.

Private hospitals offer good facilities in major cities, although travellers requiring specialised treatment will likely be evacuated to Europe or South Africa. Comprehensive travel insurance is strongly advice and should include evacuation. Pharmacies are widespread but might not always have reliable drug supplies. So travellers should bring special or prescription medication with them.

Safety Notes when travelling to Nigeria

While most visits to Nigeria are trouble free, there are a few issues that travellers should be aware of. Watch out for false greetings at the airport and avoid freely giving out your details as the country is notorious for money scammers. Muggings and carjackings are prevalent so visitors should stay vigilant, while also letting their host, family, and friends know their travel arrangements.

Saying this, big cities like Lagos and Abuja are generally fine, but travel to northern Nigeria is quite risky due to the presence of ethnic clashes and threats of terrorism. So it's wise to research the latest government advice if travelling through these regions.

Public transport is potentially dangerous with poorly maintained buses and taxis, and fraud and criminal activity rife among drivers. The reliability of domestic airlines has also been questioned after numerous accidents. Fuel shortages often occur and road travel can be dangerous, particularly in traffic jams and rural areas. Visitors should avoid travelling at night, and should consider driving in a convoy through rural areas.

Customs in Nigeria

Nigeria has a relatively formal society and it is appropriate to address Nigerians by their surnames until you know them very well. Beachwear is only appropriate for the beach. Nigeria has the largest Muslim population in Africa, concentrated mainly in the north. Women should dress modestly, and avoid wearing trousers, and all visitors should exercise discretion in behaviour and dress, especially when visiting religious sites and during the holy month of Ramadan.

Time is a different concept in West Africa than in Europe or North America. Being 'on time' to a Nigerian could easily be a couple of hours after an agreed start-time. Evening social events tend to start late and often continue into the small hours. Photography in airports may lead to arrest. Homosexuality is illegal in Nigeria.

Duty Free in Nigeria

Travellers to Nigeria over 18 years old do not have to pay duty on 200g of tobacco products, 1 litre of spirits and 1 litre wine, perfume or eau de Cologne for personal use and gifts to the value of NGN 50,000 (excluding jewellery, photographic equipment, electronics and luxury goods). Prescription medication and pharmaceutical products should be accompanied by a letter from your GP as well as the original prescription, and should not be carried in your checked luggage.

The following items carry substantial duty levies: cameras, projectors and other electronic goods, unless visitors can provide proof of possession for at least three years or can submit a certificate of re-importation. Prohibited items include beer, mineral water, soft drinks, sparkling wine, fresh fruit and vegetables, textiles, mosquito netting, jewellery and precious metals, cereals, and eggs. Flowers, plants and seeds often need permits and the rules regarding specific species often change, so it is best to check the situation as close to your time of travel as possible.

Doing Business in Nigeria

Those looking to do business in Nigeria, and especially those who've never done business on the African continent before, will certainly have to prepare themselves to face unique challenges. Although great strides have been made within Nigeria's corporate landscape, the country still suffers from massive corruption and a debilitating lack of infrastructure, which can make doing business there difficult. The management style typically found in Nigeria is extremely hierarchical. The boss - invariably male, and always of an older generation - will expect and will receive respect from all those working beneath him, and will never be publicly criticised. However, this does not necessarily mean that all decisions are made on this authority-figure's whim; business relationships are extremely important in Nigeria, and often, compromises can be reached.

In general, Nigerian business leaders will lead firmly, giving their employees instructions that are expected to be followed closely. Teamwork, and the ability to work together toward clearly-defined goals, is considered a more valuable asset than independent thinking or individualistic efforts. Business meetings in Nigeria are very social occasions, providing the framework within which solid interpersonal connections are to be made. Bear the following in mind: respect for elders is huge in Nigeria; even if one is more qualified than older colleagues, there is no surer way to cause offence in Nigeria than by disrespecting members of the older generation.

In Nigeria, especially for men, it is important that business dress reflects status; men tend to wear dark, stylish suits and a tie, and don't hold back on the accessories. Dressing for work in Nigeria can be trickier for female expats, especially those used to the more relaxed dress codes of the UK or America. Nigeria is a very traditional country, and therefore, skirts above the knee and cleavage-revealing tops are unacceptable in the office environment, as is the exposure of too much skin around the collarbone and shoulder area.

There is no specific protocol for the exchanging of business cards in Nigeria - although it is considered rude not to study the card in the presence of the person who gave it to you. Make sure any tertiary education or qualifications you have received are printed on your card, and that your title is prominently displayed. In a country of so many different ethnic groups and dialects, English has emerged as the de facto language of business in Nigeria. Business hours are generally from 8am (or 8.30am) to 5pm, from Monday to Friday. In the northern (predominately Muslim) part of Nigeria, Friday is a day of rest.

Communication in Nigeria

The country code for Nigeria is +234. Full international direct dialling is available. Free wifi is available in many cafes, restaurants, and hotels in tourist areas. A local prepaid SIM card can be purchased to avoid paying high international roaming charges.

Tipping in Nigeria

In restaurants, a 10% tip is adequate if a service charge hasn't already been added. Negotiate taxi fares before embarking on a journey; remember that fares are usually increased for tourists so tipping isn't necessary. Porters should be tipped accordingly.

Passport/Visa Note

Nationals of virtually all countries require a visa to enter Nigeria, the few exceptions are mainly neighbouring African states. Visas must be obtained in advance and all visitors require a return ticket, documents for onward travel and sufficient funds. Those entering for business reasons must also have a letter of invitation and verification from Nigerian representatives abroad stating purpose of entry. Passports must be valid for at least six months after arrival.

Visas can be obtained on arrival. E-visas can be obtained before departure at www.portal.immigration.gov.ng/visa/freshVisa. Passengers must have a printed e-visa confirmation.

Entry Requirements

Entry requirements for Americans:

United States citizens must have a passport valid for six months after date of arrival. A visa is required. However, no visa is required for former nationals of Nigeria with a valid foreign passport and an expired Nigerian passport.

Entry requirements for Canadians:

Canadians must have a passport valid for six months after date of arrival. A visa is required. However, no visa is required for former nationals of Nigeria with a valid foreign passport and an expired Nigerian passport.

Entry requirements for UK nationals:

British citizens must have a passport valid for six months after date of arrival. A visa is required. However, no visa is required for former nationals of Nigeria with a valid foreign passport and an expired Nigerian passport.

Entry requirements for Australians:

Australians must have a passport valid for six months after the date of arrival. A visa is required. However, no visa is required for former nationals of Nigeria with a valid foreign passport and an expired Nigerian passport.

Entry requirements for Irish nationals:

Irish citizens must have a passport valid for six months after date of arrival. A visa is required. However, no visa is required for former nationals of Nigeria with a valid foreign passport and an expired Nigerian passport.

Entry requirements for New Zealanders:

New Zealand citizens must have a passport valid for six months after the date of arrival. A visa is required. However, no visa is required for former nationals of Nigeria with a valid foreign passport and an expired Nigerian passport.

Entry requirements for South Africans:

South Africans must have a passport valid for six months after date of arrival. A visa is required. However, no visa is required for former nationals of Nigeria with a valid foreign passport and an expired Nigerian passport.

Tourist Offices

Nigerian Tourist Office, Abuja: +234 (0)9 234 2764.

Nigeria Embassies

In the United States:

Nigerian Embassy, Washington DC, United States: +1 202 986 8400.

In Canada:

Nigeria High Commission, Ottawa, Canada: +1 613 236 0521.

In the United Kingdom:

Nigeria High Commission, London, United Kingdom: +44 (0)20 7839 1244.

In Australia:

Nigeria High Commission, Canberra, Australia (also responsible for New Zealand): +61 (0)2 6215 8500.

In Ireland:

Embassy of Nigeria, Dublin, Ireland: +353 (0)1 660 4366.

In South Africa:

Nigeria High Commission, Pretoria, South Africa: +27 (0)12 342 0808.

Foreign Embassies in Nigeria

American Embassy

United States Embassy, Abuja: +234 (0)9 461 4000.

Canadian Embassy

Canadian High Commission, Abuja: +234 (0)9 461 2900.

British Embassy

British High Commission, Abuja: + 234 (1) 277 0780.

Australian Embassy

Australian High Commission, Abuja: +234 (0)9 461 2780.

Irish Embassy

Irish Embassy, Abuja: +234 (0)9 462 0611.

New Zealand Embassy

New Zealand High Commission, London, United Kingdom (also responsible for Nigeria): +44 20 7930 8422 .

South African Embassy

South African High Commission, Abuja: +234 (0)9 462 4200.

Travel Advisories

Health Information for Travelers to Nigeria

Content source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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Vaccines and Medicines

Check the vaccines and medicines list and visit your doctor (ideally, 4-6 weeks) before your trip to get vaccines or medicines you may need.

 

  Find Out Why Protect Yourself

All travelers

You should be up to date on routine vaccinations while traveling to any destination. Some vaccines may also be required for travel.

Routine vaccines

Make sure you are up-to-date on routine vaccines before every trip. These vaccines include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, varicella (chickenpox) vaccine, polio vaccine, and your yearly flu shot.

get_vaccinated hygiene

Most travelers

Get travel vaccines and medicines because there is a risk of these diseases in the country you are visiting.

Hepatitis A

CDC recommends this vaccine because you can get hepatitis A through contaminated food or water in Nigeria, regardless of where you are eating or staying.

get_vaccinated eat_drink
Malaria

You will need to take prescription medicine before, during, and after your trip to prevent malaria. Your doctor can help you decide which medicine is right for you, and also talk to you about other steps you can take to prevent malaria. See more detailed information about malaria in Nigeria.

antimalarial_meds avoid_insects
Polio

Health recommendation: You may need a polio vaccine before your trip to Nigeria.

  • If you were vaccinated against polio as a child but have never had a polio booster dose as an adult, you should get this booster dose. Adults need only one polio booster dose in their lives (unless you are fulfilling the country requirement listed below).
  • If you were not completely vaccinated as a child or do not know your vaccination status, talk to your doctor about getting vaccinated.

Country exit requirement: If you will be in Nigeria for more than 4 weeks, the government of Nigeria may require you to show proof of polio vaccination when you are exiting the country. To meet this requirement, you should receive a polio vaccine between 4 weeks and 12 months before the date you are leaving Nigeria. Talk to your doctor about whether this requirement applies to you.

get_vaccinated eat_drink hygiene
Typhoid

You can get typhoid through contaminated food or water in Nigeria. CDC recommends this vaccine for most travelers, especially if you are staying with friends or relatives, visiting smaller cities or rural areas, or if you are an adventurous eater.

get_vaccinated eat_drink
Yellow Fever

Health recommendation: Yellow fever is a risk in Nigeria, so CDC recommends this vaccine for all travelers who are 9 months of age or older.

Country entry requirement: The government of Nigeria also requires proof of yellow fever vaccination if you are traveling from a country with risk of yellow fever (this does not include the US - for complete list, see Countries with risk of yellow fever virus (YFV) transmission.)

See more information on yellow fever recommendations and requirements for Nigeria.

get_vaccinated avoid_insects

Some travelers

Ask your doctor what vaccines and medicines you need based on where you are going, how long you are staying, what you will be doing, and if you are traveling from a country other than the US.

Cholera

Cholera is a risk in parts of Nigeria. CDC recommends this vaccine for adults who are traveling to an area of active cholera transmission. Most people do not travel to areas of active cholera transmission. Avoiding unsafe food and water can also prevent many cholera infections. Cholera is rare in travelers but can be severe. Certain factors may increase the risk of getting cholera or having severe disease (more information).

eat_drink
Hepatitis B

You can get hepatitis B through sexual contact, contaminated needles, and blood products, so CDC recommends this vaccine if you might have sex with a new partner, get a tattoo or piercing, or have any medical procedures.

get_vaccinated avoid_body_fluids avoid-non-sterile-equipment
Rabies

Rabies can be found in dogs, bats, and other mammals in Nigeria, so CDC recommends this vaccine for the following groups:

  • Travelers involved in outdoor and other activities (such as camping, hiking, biking, adventure travel, and caving) that put them at risk for animal bites.
  • People who will be working with or around animals (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, and researchers).
  • People who are taking long trips or moving to Nigeria
  • Children, because they tend to play with animals, might not report bites, and are more likely to have animal bites on their head and neck.
get_vaccinated animals hygiene
Meningitis (Meningococcal disease)

CDC recommends this vaccine if you plan to visit parts of Nigeria located in the meningitis belt during the dry season (December–June), when the disease is most common.

get_vaccinated hygiene

All travelers

You should be up to date on routine vaccinations while traveling to any destination. Some vaccines may also be required for travel.

get_vaccinated hygiene
Routine vaccines

Make sure you are up-to-date on routine vaccines before every trip. These vaccines include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, varicella (chickenpox) vaccine, polio vaccine, and your yearly flu shot.

Most travelers

Get travel vaccines and medicines because there is a risk of these diseases in the country you are visiting.

get_vaccinated eat_drink
Hepatitis A

CDC recommends this vaccine because you can get hepatitis A through contaminated food or water in Nigeria, regardless of where you are eating or staying.

antimalarial_meds avoid_insects
Malaria

You will need to take prescription medicine before, during, and after your trip to prevent malaria. Your doctor can help you decide which medicine is right for you, and also talk to you about other steps you can take to prevent malaria. See more detailed information about malaria in Nigeria.

get_vaccinated eat_drink hygiene
Polio

Health recommendation: You may need a polio vaccine before your trip to Nigeria.

  • If you were vaccinated against polio as a child but have never had a polio booster dose as an adult, you should get this booster dose. Adults need only one polio booster dose in their lives (unless you are fulfilling the country requirement listed below).
  • If you were not completely vaccinated as a child or do not know your vaccination status, talk to your doctor about getting vaccinated.

Country exit requirement: If you will be in Nigeria for more than 4 weeks, the government of Nigeria may require you to show proof of polio vaccination when you are exiting the country. To meet this requirement, you should receive a polio vaccine between 4 weeks and 12 months before the date you are leaving Nigeria. Talk to your doctor about whether this requirement applies to you.

get_vaccinated eat_drink
Typhoid

You can get typhoid through contaminated food or water in Nigeria. CDC recommends this vaccine for most travelers, especially if you are staying with friends or relatives, visiting smaller cities or rural areas, or if you are an adventurous eater.

get_vaccinated avoid_insects
Yellow Fever

Health recommendation: Yellow fever is a risk in Nigeria, so CDC recommends this vaccine for all travelers who are 9 months of age or older.

Country entry requirement: The government of Nigeria also requires proof of yellow fever vaccination if you are traveling from a country with risk of yellow fever (this does not include the US - for complete list, see Countries with risk of yellow fever virus (YFV) transmission.)

See more information on yellow fever recommendations and requirements for Nigeria.

Some travelers

Ask your doctor what vaccines and medicines you need based on where you are going, how long you are staying, what you will be doing, and if you are traveling from a country other than the US.

eat_drink
Cholera

Cholera is a risk in parts of Nigeria. CDC recommends this vaccine for adults who are traveling to an area of active cholera transmission. Most people do not travel to areas of active cholera transmission. Avoiding unsafe food and water can also prevent many cholera infections. Cholera is rare in travelers but can be severe. Certain factors may increase the risk of getting cholera or having severe disease (more information).

get_vaccinated avoid_body_fluids avoid-non-sterile-equipment
Hepatitis B

You can get hepatitis B through sexual contact, contaminated needles, and blood products, so CDC recommends this vaccine if you might have sex with a new partner, get a tattoo or piercing, or have any medical procedures.

get_vaccinated animals hygiene
Rabies

Rabies can be found in dogs, bats, and other mammals in Nigeria, so CDC recommends this vaccine for the following groups:

  • Travelers involved in outdoor and other activities (such as camping, hiking, biking, adventure travel, and caving) that put them at risk for animal bites.
  • People who will be working with or around animals (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, and researchers).
  • People who are taking long trips or moving to Nigeria
  • Children, because they tend to play with animals, might not report bites, and are more likely to have animal bites on their head and neck.
get_vaccinated hygiene
Meningitis (Meningococcal disease)

CDC recommends this vaccine if you plan to visit parts of Nigeria located in the meningitis belt during the dry season (December–June), when the disease is most common.

Key
  • Get vaccinated
  • Take antimalarial meds
  • Eat and drink safely
  • Prevent bug bites
  • Keep away from animals
  • Reduce your exposure to germs
  • Avoid sharing body fluids
  • Avoid non-sterile medical or cosmetic equipment

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Note: Zika is a risk in Nigeria. Zika infection during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects. Therefore, pregnant women should not travel to Nigeria. Partners of pregnant women and couples planning pregnancy should know the possible risks to pregnancy and take preventive steps (more information).

 

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Stay Healthy and Safe

Learn actions you can take to stay healthy and safe on your trip. Vaccines cannot protect you from many diseases in Nigeria, so your behaviors are important.

 

Eat and drink safely

Unclean food and water can cause travelers' diarrhea and other diseases. Reduce your risk by sticking to safe food and water habits.

Eat
  • Food that is cooked and served hot
  • Hard-cooked eggs
  • Fruits and vegetables you have washed in clean water or peeled yourself
  • Pasteurized dairy products
Don't Eat
  • Food served at room temperature
  • Food from street vendors
  • Raw or soft-cooked (runny) eggs
  • Raw or undercooked (rare) meat or fish
  • Unwashed or unpeeled raw fruits and vegetables
  • Unpasteurized dairy products
  • ”Bushmeat” (monkeys, bats, or other wild game)
Drink
  • Bottled water that is sealed
  • Water that has been disinfected
  • Ice made with bottled or disinfected water
  • Carbonated drinks
  • Hot coffee or tea
  • Pasteurized milk
Don’t Drink
  • Tap or well water
  • Ice made with tap or well water
  • Drinks made with tap or well water (such as reconstituted juice)
  • Unpasteurized milk
Take Medicine

Talk with your doctor about taking prescription or over-the-counter drugs with you on your trip in case you get sick.

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Prevent bug bites

Bugs (like mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas) can spread a number of diseases in Nigeria. Many of these diseases cannot be prevented with a vaccine or medicine. You can reduce your risk by taking steps to prevent bug bites.

What can I do to prevent bug bites?
  • Cover exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats.
  • Use an appropriate insect repellent (see below).
  • Use permethrin-treated clothing and gear (such as boots, pants, socks, and tents). Do not use permethrin directly on skin.
  • Stay and sleep in air-conditioned or screened rooms.
  • Use a bed net if the area where you are sleeping is exposed to the outdoors.
What type of insect repellent should I use?
  • FOR PROTECTION AGAINST TICKS AND MOSQUITOES: Use a repellent that contains 20% or more DEET for protection that lasts up to several hours.
  • FOR PROTECTION AGAINST MOSQUITOES ONLY: Products with one of the following active ingredients can also help prevent mosquito bites. Higher percentages of active ingredient provide longer protection.
    • DEET
    • Picaridin (also known as KBR 3023, Bayrepel, and icaridin)
    • Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE) or PMD
    • IR3535
  • Always use insect repellent as directed.
What should I do if I am bitten by bugs?
  • Avoid scratching bug bites, and apply hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion to reduce the itching.
  • Check your entire body for ticks after outdoor activity. Be sure to remove ticks properly.
What can I do to avoid bed bugs?

Although bed bugs do not carry disease, they are an annoyance. See our information page about avoiding bug bites for some easy tips to avoid them. For more information on bed bugs, see Bed Bugs.

For more detailed information on avoiding bug bites, see Avoid Bug Bites.

Note: Zika is a risk in Nigeria. For more information, see Zika Travel Information.

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Stay safe outdoors

If your travel plans in Nigeria include outdoor activities, take these steps to stay safe and healthy during your trip.

  • Stay alert to changing weather conditions and adjust your plans if conditions become unsafe.
  • Prepare for activities by wearing the right clothes and packing protective items, such as bug spray, sunscreen, and a basic first aid kit.
  • Consider learning basic first aid and CPR before travel. Bring a travel health kit with items appropriate for your activities.
  • Heat-related illness, such as heat stroke, can be deadly. Eat and drink regularly, wear loose and lightweight clothing, and limit physical activity during high temperatures.
    • If you are outside for many hours in heat, eat salty snacks and drink water to stay hydrated and replace salt lost through sweating.
  • Protect yourself from UV radiation: use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15, wear protective clothing, and seek shade during the hottest time of day (10 a.m.–4 p.m.).
  • Be especially careful during summer months and at high elevation. Because sunlight reflects off snow, sand, and water, sun exposure may be increased during activities like skiing, swimming, and sailing.
  • Very cold temperatures can be dangerous. Dress in layers and cover heads, hands, and feet properly if you are visiting a cold location.
Stay safe around water
  • Swim only in designated swimming areas. Obey lifeguards and warning flags on beaches.
  • Practice safe boating—follow all boating safety laws, do not drink alcohol if driving a boat, and always wear a life jacket.
  • Do not dive into shallow water.
  • Do not swim in freshwater in developing areas or where sanitation is poor.
  • Avoid swallowing water when swimming. Untreated water can carry germs that make you sick.
  • To prevent infections, wear shoes on beaches where there may be animal waste.

Schistosomiasis and leptospirosis, infections that can be spread in fresh water, are found in Nigeria. Avoid swimming in fresh, unchlorinated water, such as lakes, ponds, or rivers.

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Keep away from animals

Most animals avoid people, but they may attack if they feel threatened, are protecting their young or territory, or if they are injured or ill. Animal bites and scratches can lead to serious diseases such as rabies.

Follow these tips to protect yourself:

  • Do not touch or feed any animals you do not know.
  • Do not allow animals to lick open wounds, and do not get animal saliva in your eyes or mouth.
  • Avoid rodents and their urine and feces.
  • Traveling pets should be supervised closely and not allowed to come in contact with local animals.
  • If you wake in a room with a bat, seek medical care immediately. Bat bites may be hard to see.

All animals can pose a threat, but be extra careful around dogs, bats, monkeys, sea animals such as jellyfish, and snakes. If you are bitten or scratched by an animal, immediately:

  • Wash the wound with soap and clean water.
  • Go to a doctor right away.
  • Tell your doctor about your injury when you get back to the United States.

Consider buying medical evacuation insurance. Rabies is a deadly disease that must be treated quickly, and treatment may not be available in some countries.

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Reduce your exposure to germs

Follow these tips to avoid getting sick or spreading illness to others while traveling:

  • Wash your hands often, especially before eating.
  • If soap and water aren’t available, clean hands with hand sanitizer (containing at least 60% alcohol).
  • Don’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. If you need to touch your face, make sure your hands are clean.
  • Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing.
  • Try to avoid contact with people who are sick.
  • If you are sick, stay home or in your hotel room, unless you need medical care.
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Avoid sharing body fluids

Diseases can be spread through body fluids, such as saliva, blood, vomit, and semen.

Protect yourself:

  • Use latex condoms correctly.
  • Do not inject drugs.
  • Limit alcohol consumption. People take more risks when intoxicated.
  • Do not share needles or any devices that can break the skin. That includes needles for tattoos, piercings, and acupuncture.
  • If you receive medical or dental care, make sure the equipment is disinfected or sanitized.
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Know how to get medical care while traveling

Plan for how you will get health care during your trip, should the need arise:

  • Carry a list of local doctors and hospitals at your destination.
  • Review your health insurance plan to determine what medical services it would cover during your trip. Consider purchasing travel health and medical evacuation insurance.
  • Carry a card that identifies, in the local language, your blood type, chronic conditions or serious allergies, and the generic names of any medications you take.
  • Some prescription drugs may be illegal in other countries. Call Nigeria’s embassy to verify that all of your prescription(s) are legal to bring with you.
  • Bring all the medicines (including over-the-counter medicines) you think you might need during your trip, including extra in case of travel delays. Ask your doctor to help you get prescriptions filled early if you need to.

Many foreign hospitals and clinics are accredited by the Joint Commission International. A list of accredited facilities is available at their website (www.jointcommissioninternational.org).

In some countries, medicine (prescription and over-the-counter) may be substandard or counterfeit. Bring the medicines you will need from the United States to avoid having to buy them at your destination.

Malaria is a risk in Nigeria. Fill your malaria prescription before you leave and take enough with you for the entire length of your trip. Follow your doctor’s instructions for taking the pills; some need to be started before you leave.

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Select safe transportation

Motor vehicle crashes are the #1 killer of healthy US citizens in foreign countries.

In many places cars, buses, large trucks, rickshaws, bikes, people on foot, and even animals share the same lanes of traffic, increasing the risk for crashes.

Walking

Be smart when you are traveling on foot.

  • Use sidewalks and marked crosswalks.
  • Pay attention to the traffic around you, especially in crowded areas.
  • Remember, people on foot do not always have the right of way in other countries.
Riding/Driving

Choose a safe vehicle.

  • Choose official taxis or public transportation, such as trains and buses.
  • Ride only in cars that have seatbelts.
  • Avoid overcrowded, overloaded, top-heavy buses and minivans.
  • Avoid riding on motorcycles or motorbikes, especially motorbike taxis. (Many crashes are caused by inexperienced motorbike drivers.)
  • Choose newer vehicles—they may have more safety features, such as airbags, and be more reliable.
  • Choose larger vehicles, which may provide more protection in crashes.

Think about the driver.

  • Do not drive after drinking alcohol or ride with someone who has been drinking.
  • Consider hiring a licensed, trained driver familiar with the area.
  • Arrange payment before departing.

Follow basic safety tips.

  • Wear a seatbelt at all times.
  • Sit in the back seat of cars and taxis.
  • When on motorbikes or bicycles, always wear a helmet. (Bring a helmet from home, if needed.)
  • Avoid driving at night; street lighting in certain parts of Nigeria may be poor.
  • Do not use a cell phone or text while driving (illegal in many countries).
  • Travel during daylight hours only, especially in rural areas.
  • If you choose to drive a vehicle in Nigeria, learn the local traffic laws and have the proper paperwork.
  • Get any driving permits and insurance you may need. Get an International Driving Permit (IDP). Carry the IDP and a US-issued driver's license at all times.
  • Check with your auto insurance policy's international coverage, and get more coverage if needed. Make sure you have liability insurance.
Flying
  • Avoid using local, unscheduled aircraft.
  • If possible, fly on larger planes (more than 30 seats); larger airplanes are more likely to have regular safety inspections.
  • Try to schedule flights during daylight hours and in good weather.
Medical Evacuation Insurance

If you are seriously injured, emergency care may not be available or may not meet US standards. Trauma care centers are uncommon outside urban areas. Having medical evacuation insurance can be helpful for these reasons.

Helpful Resources

Road Safety Overseas (Information from the US Department of State): Includes tips on driving in other countries, International Driving Permits, auto insurance, and other resources.

The Association for International Road Travel has country-specific Road Travel Reports available for most countries for a minimal fee.

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Maintain personal security

Use the same common sense traveling overseas that you would at home, and always stay alert and aware of your surroundings.

Before you leave
  • Research your destination(s), including local laws, customs, and culture.
  • Monitor travel warnings and alerts and read travel tips from the US Department of State.
  • Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP).
  • Leave a copy of your itinerary, contact information, credit cards, and passport with someone at home.
  • Pack as light as possible, and leave at home any item you could not replace.
While at your destination(s)
  • Carry contact information for the nearest US embassy or consulate.
  • Carry a photocopy of your passport and entry stamp; leave the actual passport securely in your hotel.
  • Follow all local laws and social customs.
  • Do not wear expensive clothing or jewelry.
  • Always keep hotel doors locked, and store valuables in secure areas.
  • If possible, choose hotel rooms between the 2nd and 6th floors.
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Healthy Travel Packing List

Use the Healthy Travel Packing List for Nigeria for a list of health-related items to consider packing for your trip. Talk to your doctor about which items are most important for you.

Why does CDC recommend packing these health-related items?

It’s best to be prepared to prevent and treat common illnesses and injuries. Some supplies and medicines may be difficult to find at your destination, may have different names, or may have different ingredients than what you normally use.

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Travel Health Notices

Be aware of current health issues in Nigeria. Learn how to protect yourself.

 

Alert Level 2, Practice Enhanced Precautions

  • Polio in Nigeria July 21, 2017 The Nigerian Ministry of Health has reported several cases of poliovirus in the state of Borno in northeastern Nigeria. CDC recommends that all travelers to Nigeria be fully vaccinated against polio. Because of the risk of cross-border transmission, CDC recommends a one-time booster dose of polio vaccine for fully vaccinated adults traveling to Niger, Cameroon, or Chad to work in healthcare facilities, refugee camps, or other humanitarian aid settings.

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After Your Trip

If you are not feeling well after your trip, you may need to see a doctor. If you need help finding a travel medicine specialist, see Find a Clinic. Be sure to tell your doctor about your travel, including where you went and what you did on your trip. Also tell your doctor if you were bitten or scratched by an animal while traveling.

If your doctor prescribed antimalarial medicine for your trip, keep taking the rest of your pills after you return home. If you stop taking your medicine too soon, you could still get sick.

Malaria is always a serious disease and may be a deadly illness. If you become ill with a fever either while traveling in a malaria-risk area or after you return home (for up to 1 year), you should seek immediate medical attention and should tell the doctor about your travel history.

For more information on what to do if you are sick after your trip, see Getting Sick after Travel.

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Map Disclaimer - The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement are generally marked.

Currency

Nigerian currency is the naira (NGN), which is divided into 100 kobo. Approved exchange facilities include major hotels and the airport, but official rates are very high. It is illegal to change money on the street. Credit card fraud is a problem, and visitors are advised to exercise caution when using credit cards. Credit card facilities are also limited outside of the major cities. Prior to travel, visitors should ensure they have a variety of currency options available to them (pounds, US dollars, or euro) in cash. Travellers should be aware of the prevalence of commercial fraud in Nigeria.

Exchange rate for 1 NGN - Nigerian Naira
0.01 BMD
Bermudan Dollar
0.00 EUR
Euro
0.01 USD
U.S. Dollar
0.00 GBP
U.K. Pound Sterling
0.55 JPY
Japanese Yen
0.01 CAD
Canadian Dollar
0.01 CHF
Swiss Franc
0.01 AUD
Australian Dollar
0.13 UAH
Ukrainian Hryvnia
1.72 KZT
Kazakhstani Tenge
7.66 LBP
Lebanese Pound
0.00 LYD
Libyan Dinar
0.03 BOB
Bolivian Boliviano
0.55 NPR
Nepalese Rupee
0.00 OMR
Omani Rial
0.02 QAR
Qatari Rial
0.01 SGD
Singapore Dollar
0.04 SEK
Swedish Krona
0.03 TTD
Trinidad Tobago Dollar
0.05 VEF
Venezuelan Bolivar
0.23 DOP
Dominican Peso
0.03 HRK
Croatian Kuna
0.09 MXN
Mexican Peso
2.98 XOF
West African CFA Franc
0.02 PGK
Papua New Guinean kina
0.01 BSD
Bahamian Dollar
0.01 FJD
Fiji Dollar
0.12 HNL
Honduran Lempira
0.56 DZD
Algerian Dinar
6.06 MMK
Myanma Kyat
0.06 BWP
Botswana Pula
0.02 PEN
Peruvian Nuevo Sol
3.53 CLP
Chilean Peso
2.43 AMD
Armenia Dram
0.12 CZK
Czech Koruna
0.10 MDL
Moldova Lei
0.63 ISK
Icelandic Krona
14.96 UZS
Uzbekistan Sum
0.02 ILS
Israeli New Sheqel
0.00 JOD
Jordanian Dinar
0.00 KWD
Kuwaiti Dinar
0.16 UYU
Uruguayan Peso
0.18 MUR
Mauritian Rupee
0.15 NIO
Nicaraguan Córdoba
0.04 NOK
Norwegian Krone
0.02 PLN
Polish Zloty
0.02 SAR
Saudi Riyal
0.74 LKR
Sri Lanka Rupee
0.18 THB
Thai Baht
0.02 AED
U.A.E Dirham
0.02 BRL
Brazilian Real
0.02 RON
Romanian New Leu
0.04 HKD
Hong Kong Dollar
2.99 XAF
Central African CFA Franc
114.38 VND
Vietnamese Dong
0.07 ARS
Argentine Peso
0.01 XCD
East Caribbean Dollar
0.04 GTQ
Guatemalan Quetzal
0.05 MAD
Moroccan Dirham
0.00 BHD
Bahrain Dinar
0.01 PAB
Panamanian Balboa
0.01 AZN
Azerbaijan Manat
15.87 COP
Colombian Peso
0.35 KGS
Kyrgyzstan Som
1.42 HUF
Hungarian Forint
0.04 TJS
Tajikistan Ruble
69.63 IDR
Indonesian Rupiah
0.05 EGP
Egyptian Pound
6.06 KRW
South Korean Won
28.85 PYG
Paraguayan Guaraní
0.02 MYR
Malaysian Ringgit
2.74 CRC
Costa Rican Colón
0.01 NZD
New Zealand Dollar
0.53 PKR
Pakistani Rupee
0.34 RUB
Russian Rouble
0.08 ZAR
South African Rand
0.01 TND
Tunisian Dinar
0.01 BBD
Barbadian Dollar
0.01 BGN
Bulgarian Lev
0.02 TRY
Turkish Lira
0.24 PHP
Philippine Peso
0.17 TWD
New Taiwan Dollar
0.55 XPF
CFP Franc
0.02 GHS
Ghanaian Cedi
0.64 JMD
Jamaican Dollar
0.01 ANG
Neth. Antillean Guilder
0.01 BND
Brunei Dollar
0.56 RSD
Serbian Dinar
0.03 CNY
Chinese Yuan
101.26 BYR
Belarussian Ruble
0.03 DKK
Danish Krone
0.02 TMT
New Turkmenistan Manat
0.34 INR
Indian Rupee
     
Exchange Rate for
U.S. Dollar to Nigerian Naira

1 USD = 196.50 NGN

Exchange Rate for
Euro to Nigerian Naira

1 EUR = 219.51 NGN

Exchange Rate for
Canadian Dollar to Nigerian Naira

1 CAD = 150.19 NGN

Exchange Rate for
U.K. Pound Sterling to Nigerian Naira

1 GBP = 283.32 NGN

Exchange Rate for
Australian Dollar to Nigerian Naira

1 AUD = 142.23 NGN

Exchange Rate for
New Zealand Dollar to Nigerian Naira

1 NZD = 133.98 NGN

Exchange Rate for
South African Rand to Nigerian Naira

1 ZAR = 12.59 NGN

Lagos Airport (LOS)
Murtala Muhammed International Airport
http://www.lagos-airport.com

Location: Lagos The airport is located 13 miles (22km) northwest of Lagos.

map of Lagos Airport

Time: Local time is GMT +1

Contacts: Tel: +234 1 493 3385.

Transfer between terminals: The terminals are within easy walking distance of each other.

Getting to the city: Larger hotels have a shuttle bus meeting all international flights. Otherwise, taxis are the safest and most efficient way to travel to and from the airport.

Car rental: Car rental companies at the international terminal of the Murtala Muhammed International Airport include Avis, Hertz, Europcar and Sixt, while those at the domestic terminal include Tuance, Pure Logistics, Achan, and Octavia. Note that driving oneself around Nigeria is strongly cautioned against, as the roads can be confusing and chaotic, and there is a risk of car-jacking.

Airport Taxis: Yellow taxis are available outside the terminal. It is wise to negotiate a fee before departure; the fare into Lagos should be around NGN 5,000.

Facilities: Airport facilities include ATMs and currency exchange, executive and VIP lounges, a meet and greet lounge, prayer rooms, disabled facilities, and a tourist information desk in the arrival hall. Shopping is limited to a few retail stores selling electronics, mobile accessories, jewellery and healthcare products. International and African foods are served by vendors in the airport's food court.

Parking: Parking spaces are available.

Abuja Airport (ABV)
Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport
http://www.abuja-airport.com

Location: Abuja The airport is located 12 miles (20km) west of Abuja.

map of Abuja Airport

Time: Local time is GMT +1

Transfer between terminals: The airport has an international and a domestic terminal. The terminals are within walking distance of each other and they share the same runway.

Getting to the city: Passengers arriving at Abuja Airport can take either a taxi or a bus to the city. The drive takes between 30 and 45 minutes, depending on traffic. Taxis are much more expensive than buses.

Car rental: There are car rental services available from the airport, but a driver is highly recommended for visitors unfamiliar with driving conditions in Nigeria.

Airport Taxis: Taxis are generally available outside the terminal building. For peace of mind, many visitors prefer to book a taxi in advance.

Facilities: Airport facilities include a cafe, ATMs, free wifi, and lounges.

Parking:

Port Harcourt International Airport (PHC)
Port Harcourt International Airport

Location: Port Harcourt The airport is located 20 miles (32km) from downtown Port Harcourt.

map of Port Harcourt International Airport

Time: Local time is GMT +1

Getting to the city: There is no public transport into Port Harcourt, however taxis and rental cars are available.

Car rental: Avis car rental is available at the airport.

Airport Taxis: Taxis are available at the airport.

Facilities: Airport facilities are limited, but there is a restaurant.

Parking: Short and long-term parking is available at the airport.

Overview of the Attractions in Nigeria

The majority of visitors travel to Nigeria for business purposes and don't do much sightseeing, but that doesn't mean that there aren't some fascinating attractions in Nigeria that are worth a visit for anyone willing to stray off the beaten path.

Most travel centres on the major cities of Lagos and Abuja, which offer plenty of attractions in the form of national museums, bustling markets, and pretty parks. Venture further afield however, and visitors will discover the beautiful beaches on the coast, the sacred forest groves of Osogbo, the pre-colonial settlements at Sungbo's Eredo, and picturesque scenery in Nigeria's national parks.

A holiday in Nigeria is definitely for the adventurous, and is guaranteed to be unforgettable!

National Museum
Lagos

Occupying prime position on Lagos Island in the centre of the city, the National Museum contains a number of treasures and cultural relics of great interest. Take your diary along to record the experience as photography is not allowed. Highlights include the exhibit 'Treasures of Ancient Nigeria: Legacy of Two Thousand Years', and the bullet-ridden black Mercedes in which former president Murtala Mohammed was assassinated in 1973. Also not be missed is the gallery of Benin brasses and the crafts village, where you can haggles for souvenirs.

map of National Museum

Lekki Conservation Centre
Lagos

Situated on the Lekki Peninsula covering 190 acres (78 hectare), the Lekki Conservation Centre is perfect to experience the fauna and flora of this region's delicate ecosystems. You can see Mona monkeys, crocodiles, bush bucks, Maxwell duikers, and giant rats, among other fascinating creatures. There are various trails and tree platforms to get the best vantage point. Visit in the early morning when the animals are most active. Tours need to be booked in advance.

map of Lekki Conservation Centre

Website: http://www.ncfnigeria.org

Sungbo's Eredo
Lagos

Take a taxi one hour north of Lagos to see Sungbo's Eredo, Africa's largest pre-colonial construction, a sight rated by experts as an unknown 'Wonder of the World'. The Eredo is a rampart that is 1,050 years old, 100 miles (160km) long, and 70ft (20m) high. Locals will need to guide you in and out, as the structure is rapidly being covered by encroaching forest. The enigmatic Eredo has been linked to the myths and legends of various tribes and religions. According to the local Ijebu clan, the Eredo may have been built as a memorial to noblewoman Oloye Bilikisu Sungbo, a childless widow, whose grave is located nearby.

map of Sungbo's Eredo

Lekki Market
Lagos

For a taste of the real Lagos, head to the bustling, chaotic, and always fascinating Lekki Market. Intrepid shoppers that make the trip here will be rewarded with a wonderful selection of African masks, Nigerian beadwork, and traditional cloth. The Lekki Market is located about 6 miles (10km) from the centre of Victoria Island, and is a popular taxi route. Bargain hard, but keep smiling. Get a local to help you navigate the market, for about NGN 50, it will be money well spent.

map of Lekki Market

Eleko Beach
Lagos

The best beach for Lagos-based visitors is Eleko Beach, located just one hour away from Nigeria's frenetic economic heartland. It's clean and peaceful, with perfect waves and beach huts for hire, and is currently free of the traders and hawkers that can irritate visitors on beaches around Lagos Island. Eleko Beach is a welcome relief from the grime and congestion of the metropolis. To get there, head out east on Lekki Expressway for about 19 miles (30km) and turn right at the petrol service station.

map of Eleko Beach

Address: Eleko Beach Road, Lekki

Osun-Osogbo
Lagos

One of Nigeria's top tourist attractions and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove holds a deeply special place in the hearts and minds of the Yoruba people. Located in the last remaining areas of pristine forest in southern Nigeria, the grove is said to be the home of Osun, the Yoruba goddess of fertility. Numerous shrines and sanctuaries have been built in honour of Osun, including sculptures done by Austrian national Suzanne Wenger who earned herself the local name Aduni Olosa, the 'Adored One'. If at all possible, time your visit to coincide with the Osun-Osogbo Festival (late July to August), a 12-day celebration of significant cultural interest.

map of Osun-Osogbo

Lekki Beach Resort
Lagos

A favourite among business travellers to Lagos and expatriates living in the area of Victoria Island, Lekki Beach Resort is a new establishment offering well-heeled tourists the opportunity to experience some refinement and luxury in the midst of the often chaotic and ramshackle city.

Built along 1.6 miles (2.5km) of the pristine Lekki Beach shoreline, and covering an area of 157 hectares (388 acres), the Lekki Beach Resort is a major operation featuring luxury accommodation, including an 18-hole golf course designed by Ron Garl, and a clubhouse with a fine restaurant and bar. There are also numerous family-oriented amenities, such as swimming pools, tennis courts, exercise rooms, and a health spa. Undoubtedly the premier place to play golf in Nigeria, the course is also quite a beautiful sight in its own right, blending seamlessly into its natural surroundings and boasting fantastic Atlantic Ocean views.

map of Lekki Beach Resort

Website: http://www.lekkibeachresort.com

Public Holidays in Nigeria

  2020 2021
Eid el-Maulud (Prophet's Birthday) Wed. October 29 Sun. October 19
New Year's Day Wed. January 1 Wed. January 1
Good Friday Thu. April 10 Wed. April 2
Easter Monday Sun. April 13 Sat. April 5
Worker's Day Thu. May 1 Thu. May 1
Independence Day Wed. October 1 Wed. October 1
Christmas Day Thu. December 25 Thu. December 25
Boxing Day Fri. December 26 Fri. December 26
Eid al-Fitr (end of Ramadan) Sat. May 24 to Sun. May 25 Tue. May 13 to Wed. May 14
Eid al-Adha (Feast of the Sacrifice) Thu. July 31 to Fri. August 1 Sun. July 20 to Mon. July 21
Democracy Day Thu. May 29 Thu. May 29

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