Thailand

Travel to Thailand

Overview

There is so much to see and do in Thailand that few visitors can resist returning. With an expansive coast line and gorgeous tropical islands, Thailand is justly famed for its wonderful beaches and laid-back lifestyle. Inland, there are the iconic sights of lush jungles, rolling hills and rice paddies. As a country of Buddhists, there is also an abundance of golden temples and beautiful, spiritually-inspired architecture. One word of caution though: to avoid the common fate of temple fatigue, visitors shouldn't try to see too many. They should rather concentrate on a few key attractions and spend some quality time in each of them.

In contrast is the buzzing atmosphere of Bangkok, whose neon lights and smoggy streets blend with gardens and floating markets to create a unique hybrid of old and new - at a frenetic pace.

One reason why Thailand is such a rewarding sightseeing destination is that it has retained its distinctive identity in the face of significant western influence. That makes visiting here an exciting and exotic experience, whether travellers are resort-loving beach bums or adrenaline junkies exploring hill tribes and river rapids. More good news is that Thailand is blessed with year-round temperate weather, so travellers can visit at any time - although in the months from June-October, rough sea conditions may make some islands unreachable via the ferry system.

Getting around is fairly easy and remarkably safe. An excellent bus network connects even far-flung towns with the major cities, while a comfortable sleeper train connects Chiang Mai in the far north with the capital Bangkok. Many people prefer to see the sights via organised tours and air-conditioned buses, but by doing so visitors risk missing out on the fun of getting between attractions, where they will encounter local people in unexpected ways.

Climate in Thailand

The climate in Thailand experiences high temperatures and humidity levels throughout the year. The hottest months in Thailand are between March and May, and monsoon season runs from June to October. In September and October, much of the country suffers from flooding, particularly in the north, northeastern and central regions. The cool season is the best time to visit Thailand, running from November to February. Temperatures are fairly consistent throughout the year, especially in southern regions, ranging between 74°F (23°C) and 86°F (30°C).

Health Notes when travelling to Thailand

As a health precaution, travellers should take medical advice at least three weeks before travelling to Thailand. There is no malaria risk in major tourist resorts or in the cities of Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Pattaya, Ko Samui, and Ko Phangan. But in rural, forested areas that border Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, and Laos, preventions against malaria are recommended and immunisation against hepatitis A and typhoid fever is also advised. Yellow fever vaccination certificates are required for travellers from infected areas.

There has been an increase in reported cases of dengue fever, particularly in the south, and vaccination against Japanese encephalitis is also recommended. Outbreaks of leptospirosis occur during the rainy season and after flooding. There have been outbreaks of waterborne diseases in the Provinces of Khon Kaen, Lop Buri, Phitsanulok and Prachin Buri. Outbreaks of cholera have also been reported. Travellers should drink or use only boiled or bottled water and avoid ice in drinks. If they suffer from diarrhoea during their visit, they should seek immediate medical attention. HIV/AIDS is prevalent in the major cities and resorts. Medical facilities are good in major cities, but good medical insurance is vital - without insurance, or cash/credit card, travellers will not be treated. Bangkok has excellent international hospitals.

Safety Notes when travelling to Thailand

Though most visits to Thailand are trouble-free, tourists should follow a few safety precautions. They should avoid all political gatherings and marches and stay well-informed about the situation in the country - as they should when visiting any destination.

Like many parts of the world, South East Asia has been a victim of terrorism, meaning travellers should be vigilant in public places. They should also avoid the border regions and shouldn't camp in undesignated areas in national parks. The security situation in the southern provinces near the Malaysian border is unstable and travel to Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat and Songkhla is to be avoided.

Visitors to major cities are advised to secure their passports and credit cards and not carry too much money or jewellery. In Bangkok, visitors should be aware of scams, often involving gems recommended by kind strangers. In tourist areas, particularly at the Full Moon Party on Ko Phan Ngan, travellers should be careful about accepting drinks from strangers as there have been reports of drinks being drugged. Incidents of sexual assault do occur and female travellers should be cautious.

The monsoon season in September and October (November to March on Koh Samui) brings about flooding in the north, northeast and central regions, causing mudslides and flash floods; visitors planning to trek in the jungle during this time should check conditions with licensed tour guides before leaving.

Customs in Thailand

While Thais are well known for their friendliness, visitors should remember that they frown on public displays of affection. Visitors should also save their beachwear for the beach and respect the custom of taking off shoes when entering a home. Most shops and restaurants won't expect tourists to remove their footwear.

Foreigners should avoid putting their feet on tables or chairs, as lifting a foot toward someone is disrespectful - especially the underside of the foot. And though haggling is common when buying items (especially at markets), Thais are generally very calm and soft spoken people. Tourists should avoid arguing loudly or raising their voices when haggling, as this is considered disrespectful in Thai culture. They should avoid touching others' hair or heads (rubbing a child's hair, for example) for the same reason.

Party goers should note that drugs are illegal throughout the country, and that the possession of small quantities can land them in prison.

Duty Free in Thailand

Travellers to Thailand do not have to pay duty on 200 cigarettes, 250g tobacco or equivalent amount of cigars or 1 litre of alcohol. Goods to the value of THB 20,000 per person for holders of tourist visas are allowed. Family allowances are double the individual allowances. Prohibited items include firearms and ammunition, fireworks, and drugs. Trafficking in drugs carries the maximum penalty. Restrictions apply to meat imported from countries affected by BSE or mad cow and foot-and-mouth diseases. Antiques or objects of art and religious articles may not be exported without a license.

Doing Business in Thailand

Business culture in Thailand is considerably more relaxed than other Asian countries within the region. However, Thailand shares its neighbours' work ethic and value systems, as well as emphasis on hierarchy and building relationships. Senior managers must be consulted on all matters and decisions. Appearance and age are important in Thai business culture as they illustrate social standing and status. Older individuals are generally afforded a great deal of regard in Thailand. Building relationships is central to business culture in Thailand. It is ill regarded for a businessman to start negotiating before being properly acquainted with his business associates.

The concept of 'face' and saving face is important in Thailand; so if travellers make a mistake, they shouldn't expect it to be pointed out to them. Also, if a business associate makes a mistake, it is impolite to draw attention to it or correct them. In 2010, Thailand was the fastest growing economy in SouthEast Asia. Despite this, Thais value family time and time to actually live life. Placing family in front of business priorities is the norm.

English is the language of business in Thailand, but translators are often needed. Business hours are from 8am to 5pm or 9am to 6pm with an hour for lunch. Dress styles tend to be quite formal, but due to the humid climate, heavy suits are rare. However, meetings with senior management tend to be slightly more formal and jackets are usually worn. Men generally wear shirts, slacks and a tie while women wear below-the-knee skirts and blouses. Pants-suits for women are quite rare.

Shaking hands is not a popular form of greeting and the wai (putting a prayer-like gesture in front of oneself and bowing slightly) is more acceptable. The higher the hands compared to the face when bowing, the more respect is meant by the wai. It is customary to wai first to those older than oneself. When addressing others, Thais use first names rather than surnames preceded by Kuhn for both men and women. As with many Asian nations, giving gifts to business associates is generally a good idea. When receiving gifts, foreigners shouldn't open them in front of the giver. Also, they should wait to be introduced to others, as it is an indication of rank. Often the hierarchical structures favour the elders in a group and respect must be given accordingly.

Communication in Thailand

The international country dialling code for Thailand is +66. The outgoing code is 001, followed by the relevant country code (e.g. 00144 for the United Kingdom). Mobile phone networks cover most towns, cities, and holiday resorts, and wifi is, relatively speaking, easily available.

Tipping in Thailand

Tipping is not expected, but is becoming more common in places frequented by tourists. Tipping 10 to 15 percent on a restaurant bill is usual, but ultimately this is left up to the customer to decide based on service performance. Sometimes a 10 percent service charge is added to the bill at hotels and restaurants, but this is not common. All help with carrying bags, tour guides etc. welcome small tips. Taxi drivers are not generally tipped.

Passport/Visa Note

Travellers entering Thailand are required to prove they have sufficient funds to cover the length of their stay, and are recommended to hold documentation for return/onward travel. As of February 2017, if visitors are using the 30 day visa exemption, they can only enter Thailand through a land border twice per calendar year. To cross more frequently, travellers must obtain a visa in advance of travelling. It is highly recommended that passports are valid for six months beyond travel.

Entry Requirements

Entry requirements for Americans:

US passports must be valid for six months beyond date of arrival. No visa is required for tourist stays of up to 30 days.

Entry requirements for Canadians:

Canadian Passports must be valid for six months beyond date of arrival. No visa is needed for touristic stays of up to 30 days.

Entry requirements for UK nationals:

Passports must be valid for six months beyond date of arrival. British nationals with passports endorsed 'British Citizen' or 'British National (Overseas)' do not require a visa for stays of up to 30 days. British travellers carrying passports with other endorsements should check official requirements.

Entry requirements for Australians:

Australian passports must be valid for six months beyond date of arrival. No visa is required for touristic stays of up to 30 days. APEC Business Travel Card holders endorsed for travel to Thailand may stay up to 90 days.

Entry requirements for Irish nationals:

Irish passports must be valid for six months beyond date of arrival. No visa is required for stays of up to 30 days.

Entry requirements for New Zealanders:

Passports from New Zealand must be valid for six months beyond date of arrival. No visa is required for touristic stays of up to 30 days. Holders of APEC Business Travel Cards endorsed for travel to Thailand may stay up to 90 days.

Entry requirements for South Africans:

South African passports must be valid for six months beyond date of arrival. No visa is required for touristic stays of up to 30 days.

Tourist Offices

Thailand Tourist Office: +66 2 250 5500 (Bangkok) or http://www.tourismthailand.org

Thailand Embassies

In the United States:

Royal Thai Embassy, Washington DC, United States: +1 (0)202 944 3600

In Canada:

Royal Thai Embassy, Ottawa, Canada: +1 (0)613 722 4444

In the United Kingdom:

Royal Thai Embassy, London, United Kingdom: (also responsible for Ireland) +44 (0)20 7589 2944

In Australia:

Royal Thai Embassy, Canberra, Australia: +61 (0)2 6206 0100

In New Zealand:

Royal Thai Embassy, Wellington, New Zealand: +64 (0)4 496 2900

In South Africa:

Royal Thai Embassy, Pretoria, South Africa: +27 (0)12 342 5470

Foreign Embassies in Thailand

American Embassy

United States Embassy, Bangkok: +66 (0)2 205 4000

Canadian Embassy

Canadian Embassy, Bangkok: +66 (0)2 646 4300

British Embassy

British Embassy, Bangkok: +66 (0)2 305 8333

Australian Embassy

Australian Embassy, Bangkok: +66 (0)2 344 6300

Irish Embassy

Irish Embassy, Bangkok: +66 (0)2 016 1360

New Zealand Embassy

New Zealand Embassy, Bangkok (also responsible for Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar): +66 (0)2 254 2530

South African Embassy

South African Embassy, Bangkok: + 66 (0)2 659 2900

Travel Advisories

Currency

The unit of currency is the Baht (THB), which is divided into 100 satang. Currency can be exchanged at the airport, banks, hotels, and bureaux de change. Banks are open Monday to Friday. ATMs are available in most cities and tourist resorts, but there is a surcharge for each withdrawal. Most major credit cards are accepted at hotels and larger businesses.

Bangkok International Airport (BKK)
Suvarnabhumi International Airport
http://www.airportthai.co.th/en/

Location: Bangkok The airport is situated 20 miles (32km) east of downtown Bangkok.

Time: GMT +7

Contacts: Tel: +66 (0)2 132 1888 or +66 (0)2 132 3888.

Getting to the city: The Airport Rail Link (ARL) is the fastest way to get to central Bangkok. The service runs from the first floor of the airport and connects travellers to the MRT underground at Makkasan Station and the BTS Skytrain at Phaya Thai Station. Public buses run several routes from the Transport Centre to Bangkok, while the Airport Express provides air-conditioned coaches between the airport and hotels in downtown Bangkok. There is also a Limousine Service counter on the 2nd floor of the Arrivals Hall.

Car rental: Car hire is available from Avis, Budget, Hertz, Sixt and Thai Car Rental Association. Bookings can be made at the Car Rental service counter at Arrivals.

Airport Taxis: From the airport, passengers can catch a taxi from the platform of the Passenger Terminal on the 1st Floor, Gates 4 and 7. Travel time depends greatly on traffic but is at least 30 minutes and can be much more. An exit fee is expected to be paid by the passenger although this can be paid at the end of the ride. Passengers can request the driver use the expressway, which will cost a small additional fee.

Facilities: Currency exchange is available, and ATMs are located throughout the terminal building. A tourist information service is located in the Arrivals hall on Level 2, duty-free shopping and a myriad of restaurants, wine bars and fast food outlets are also available.

Parking: Short and long-term parking is available at Suvarnabhumi International Airport. Short-term rates range from about THB 25 for the first hour to about THB 250 for the day. Long-term rates start at about THB 20 per hour and go up to about THB 140 per day.

Chiang Mai Airport (CNX)
Chiang Mai International Airport
http://www.chiangmaiairportonline.com/

Location: Chiang Mai The airport is situated two miles (4km) from Chiang Mai.

Time: Local time is GMT +7.

Contacts: Tel: +66 53 922 000.

Getting to the city: The airport does not allow public tricycle and pick-up cars to enter the airport area; these can be accessed outside the airport boundaries. They are the cheapest transport option from the airport, but can be uncomfortably crowded with luggage. Taxis, limousines, and car rentals are the only form of transport available at the airport. Many hotels will arrange transport for guests with advance booking.

Car rental: Car rental agencies at the airport include Hertz, Avis, and Thai Rent a Car.

Airport Taxis: Taxis are available for travel to Chiang Mai from outside the airport; fares should be agreed in advance.

Facilities: Facilities include currency exchange, lost and found, ATMs, business lounges, a sauna and spa, shopping, and dining options. There are limited facilities for disabled travellers; those with special needs should contact their airline in advance.

Parking: Parking is charged at about THB 20 for the first hour, THB 30 for two hours, and THB 40 for three hours, up to a daily limit of about THB 250.

Phuket Airport (HKT)
Phuket International Airport
http://www.phuketairportonline.com/

Location: Phuket The airport is situated 20 miles (32km) from Phuket city.

Time: Local time is GMT +7.

Contacts: Tel: +66 76 327 2307.

Transfer between terminals: It is possible to reach the terminals on foot.

Getting to the city: Many hotels also offer transport for arriving guests. Several companies provide limousine and minibus services at the airport to transport passengers to their required destination.

Car rental: Car rental companies represented at the airport include Avis, Budget, and Sixt.

Airport Taxis: A taxi stand is located outside of the airport. Metered taxis have limited space for luggage; if travellers have large luggage and there are more than two passengers, they should consider a limousine taxi, which operates on a fixed fare, or minibus transfer.

Facilities: Airport facilities include ATMs, shops (including duty-free shops), currency exchange services, an information counter, a sauna and spa, medical services, left luggage facilities, a restaurant, and a bar.

Parking: The parking garage is located directly outside the terminal. Both short and long-term parking is available. Parking is free for the first 15 minutes, THB 20 for the first hour, THB 40 for two hours, THB 50 for three hours, THB 100 for up to six hours, and THB 200 per 24 hours.

Don Mueang Airport (DMK)
Bangkok Don Mueang International Airport
http://www.donmueangairportthai.com/en

Location: The airport is situated 15 miles (24km) north of Bangkok.

Time: GMT +7

Contacts: Tel: +66 2 535 1111.

Getting to the city: Taxis are available from the stand in front of Arrivals, and an airport surcharge is added to the fare. Airport buses are available for THB 30 and take passengers downtown. They leave from the platform in front of the Arrivals hall at Terminal 1 and from below 'Bus Stop Airport Bus' signs. Trains at Don Mueang Railway Station (500m from the Arrivals Hall) run from 6am to 8pm. The fare to Bangkok with an ordinary diesel train is around THB 20. Public buses to Bangkok railway station and other main destinations in the city are also available. An Airport Bus also runs between Dong Mueang Airport and Suvarnabhumi Airport. This service is free of charge, but boarding passes need to be presented to the driver.

Car rental: Car rental agencies represented at the airport include Avis, Budget, and Sixt.

Airport Taxis: A taxi can be arranged from stands in the airport terminal and a surcharge of THB 50 is added to the fare. A typical fare to the city can cost anything between THB 300 and THB 400.

Facilities: Facilities include three banks, ATMs, bureaux de change, restaurants, supermarket, VIP lounge, medical facility, children's play area and a tourist information desk.

Parking: Parking is located opposite the main terminal building, costing about THB 20 per hour and up to THB 250 per day.

Departure Tax: None.

Krabi Airport (KBV)
Krabi Airport
http://www.krabiairportonline.com

Location: The airport is located about nine miles (15km) east of Krabi city centre.

Time: GMT +7

Getting to the city: There is a bus service linking the airport to Krabi and Ao Nang. Buses leave 10 to 12 times daily, but the schedule is adjustable depending on demand - buses leave once sufficiently full of passengers. Taxis and motorcycle taxis are generally also available outside the terminal; note that 'limousine taxi' usually just means an air-conditioned taxi. Fares have been standardised and must be pre-paid in the airport.

Car rental: Car rental is possible at the airport.

Airport Taxis:

Facilities: Facilities are fairly limited, but the airport provides the basics: souvenir and snack booths, a coffee shop, a restaurant, ATM machines, and a simple money exchanging facility are available.

Parking: Parking is available at Krabi Airport.

Koh Samui Airport (USM)
Samui International Airport
http://www.samuiairportonline.com/

Location: Koh Samui The airport is located on the island of Koh Samui, near Bo Pud Beach.

Time: Local time is GMT +7.

Getting to the city: Shared minivans are available, charging fixed fares to destinations around Koh Samui. These are generally cheaper for solo travellers, charging fares starting from THB 100. Note that some destinations are not covered by shared transport and are only reachable by private taxi.

Car rental: Car rental companies represented at the airport include Tipoa Car Hire, Avis, and Sixt.

Airport Taxis: Private taxis are available at fixed rates to a number of locations in Koh Samui. Minivans are also available.

Facilities: The airport is small and attractive, and most facilities are outdoors. Airport facilities include cafes, restaurants, shopping, and ATMs.

Parking:

Sukhothai Airport (THS)
Sukhothai Airport

Location: Sukhothai The airport is located around 19 miles (31km) from Sukhothai.

Time: Local time is GMT +7.

Getting to the city: Hotel shuttles and taxis are available from the airport to the city.

Car rental:

Airport Taxis: Taxis and shuttles are available from the airport to the city centre.

Facilities: Terminals are open-air and do not have air-conditioning.

Parking: Parking is available near the terminal.

Trat Airport (TDX)
Trat Airport
tratairportguide.com/

Location: Trat The airport is located approximately 14 miles (22km) from Centerpoint pier, where most visitors head to in order to transfer by ferry to Koh Chang.

Time: Local time is GMT +7.

Getting to the city: Minibuses are available to the town centre. No public buses or taxis are permitted to pick up passengers at the airport.

Car rental: Car hire options are available at the airport.

Airport Taxis: Minibus services are available from the airport. No public taxis operate at the airport.

Facilities: The open-air terminal has limited facilities including an ATM, clean restrooms, and food outlets.

Parking: Parking is available near the terminal.

Krabi
The Coast

The tiny Thai province of Krabi, 500 miles (800km) south of Bangkok, is a magical, as yet unspoilt paradise and one of the country's most enchanting coastal holiday resort destinations. The tranquil Krabi coast is made up of pristine, coral-fringed white beaches, a myriad of caves and waterfalls, and numerous exotic islets washed by the azure sea. Beyond the Krabi beaches lie lush jungles where giant trees trail lianas, and rivers fall over high cliffs or swirl lazily through mangrove forests. Visitors spend their holiday scuba diving in the Andaman Sea, climbing the cliffs above Ao Phranang and Railay beaches, hiking to mountain-top pagodas, discovering hidden temples set in the valleys, exploring caves, seeking out offshore paradise islands, or simply relaxing beneath a palm tree on an unspoiled stretch of white sand.

The small city of Krabi can be flown to direct from Bangkok and a number of other cities, with flights landing at Krabi Airport, which is situated conveniently close to the city.

Nightlife in Krabi

Night time is when Krabi comes alive. Many markets around Krabi set up only at night, when the heat of the day has subsided and locals begin to wander around the streets after hiding from the sun all day. Night markets, especially weekend markets, are a vibrant and colourful meeting place for both visitors and locals. The beautiful sights and smells of the food vendors delight the senses, as strange and wonderful items are dished up for willing buyers. After dark is also the time the beachside bars turn on their fluorescent lights and turn up their music. With so many bars lining the beaches, it is often hard to decide where to go, as visitors begin to slowly drift towards their respective spots to catch the sunset, accompanied by a randomly chosen, multi-coloured cocktail. As the night moves on, a younger crowd often filters into the scene, drawn in by the music, which becomes progressively faster, and the potential of an all night party, signified by the gradual gathering of bodies in the said venue. While Krabi town is not specifically known for big parties, the close by Ao Nang beach is a verified hotspot for all-night revelry, and with many clubs to choose from along the main strip, visitors will have no problem finding a party scene in line with their specific mood.

Shopping in Krabi

Krabi town has a good selection of shopping for those who want to sample the wares in the region. Along with the 'same same' merchandise sold in street stalls across Thailand, the typical t-shirts bearing the logos of Heineken, Guinness and the likes, one can also find more unique items in Krabi, including handmade pottery and locally produced home ware. Apart from the street stalls, Krabi has a modernised shopping mall in the centre of town selling high end fashion labels in the top levels of the building and knock off brands on the ground level and in the basement. This mall has an interesting coming together of top end fashion and cheap replicas both in the same store, just be wary, for if the bargain is too good to be true, it usually is the case.

Things to do in Krabi

Activities in Krabi are endless for those who wish to exert some energy. Many tour operators offer day trips, either by speed boat or traditional longtail boat, which tour the islands off of the Krabi coast. From Ao Nang, one can take a four island tour to the likes of Koh Poda, Koh Mawr, Koh Tup and Koh Gai (Chicken Island), named so because of unusual chicken-like shape taken on by the limestone structure, towering above the blue waters in which it lies.

For a small fee, one can often find a kayak to hire along almost any beach in Krabi. This is a great way to explore the archipelago along the Krabi coast, and the best way to get right up close to the beautiful lime stone karsts which jut out so dramatically from the crystal clear waters of the Andaman Sea. Krabi also boasts the best snorkelling and scuba-diving locations in Thailand and the warm, clean and calm waters are a great place to learn if one has never snorkelled or scuba-dived before.

In the jungles of Krabi, there are many hikes which end in stunning viewpoints from which to admire your tropical surrounds. And if you don't want to use your own legs to get there, why not arrange an elephant trek, where one can ride these gentle beasts along a jungle path and possibly even through rivers and mud, all while taking in the beautiful flora and fauna of Krabi province.

Dining in Krabi

Krabi has many dining options, both for those who want to experience the local cuisine and for those who prefer a 'Western' food menu. From Italian pizza to Greek seafood, Krabi has an abundance of variety for the hungry visitor. For where there is a beach in Thailand, there is inevitably food. In Krabi, one can literally eat with their toes in the sand, as many restaurant are right on the beach, and what better way to round off a day of activities than sitting down to some fresh seafood and a cold beverage while watching the sun go down over the Andaman sea. But if you truly want to eat like a local, Krabi town has a nightly food market which springs to life around 5pm every evening. This is where you will find the cheapest and often the most delicious food in Krabi, and where one can sit side by side with Thais, as they and their families huddle around the food carts for dinner and a beer.

Koh Phi Phi
The Coast

Koh Phi Phi is an extraordinary holiday destination. The twin Phi Phi islands, 25 miles (40km) east of Phuket, are world-renowned, particularly since the making of the Leonardo di Caprio film, The Beach. Phi Phi Leh, the smaller of the two islands, was the setting for this movie, and now draws scores of day trippers from Phuket, just a 45-minute boat ride away. The island has no accommodation and is accessible only by boat, but offers sensational snorkelling and trips to the Viking Cave with wall paintings.

Phi Phi Don, the larger island, has idyllic tropical beaches lining its shores and Ton Sai Bay, the main tourist centre on Phi Phi, may be a little overdeveloped for some visitors wanting a relaxed beach holiday. Although overrun by tourists, the islands retain their spectacular quiet beauty.

Nightlife in Koh Phi Phi

Despite its small size, the nightlife of Koh Phi Phi is pretty legendary, and after sunset the sleepy island of Phi Phi Don comes to life with a selection of activities. There are parties at most beach bars and clubs, and bars offer anything from reggae to jazz music. The Reggae Bar is a longstanding favourite, with late night dancing, five different bars and pool tables. There are also fire shows on the beach, cabaret shows and Thai kickboxing competitions for variety.

Shopping in Koh Phi Phi

Koh Phi Phi's larger island of Phi Phi Don has plenty of souvenir shops, clothing stores and shops catering specifically to travellers' holiday needs. Local shops offer everything from jewellery and clothes to sports equipment. There are also mini-marts and a supermarket.

Things to do in Koh Phi Phi

Koh Phi Phi is a snorkelling and diving paradise with its aquamarine waters, offshore reefs, rich coral gardens and variety of tropical fish. Ranked as one of the top five scuba diving destinations in Thailand, the waters around the islands are framed by dramatic limestone cliffs that provide a perfect environment for soft corals. Located in the national Marine Park, the dive sites around Koh Phi Phi are full of spectacular marine life like glassfish, seahorses, hawksbill turtles, squid, black-tipped sharks, and black and white banded sea snakes. The best time for scuba diving in Koh Phi Phi is between February and May, though you can dive all year round. The monsoons from late May to October reduce visibility by about 25 percent.

Other popular activities in Koh Phi Phi include camping in Maya Bay, a picturesque beach on unhinhabited Phi Phi Le; cliff diving off the dramatic cliffs of Phi Phi Island; kayaking among the small islands surrounding the main tourist areas; trips to see Phi Phi Island's monkey population, located mostly on the thin beaches of Hao Ragoate on Phi Phi Don and Yung Gassem (now called Monkey Beach); and rock climbing at the Viking Cave and Tonsai Towers.

Things to be aware of in Koh Phi Phi

There are no cars on Koh Phi Phi, so people with walking difficulties will find the hills and lack of transport trying.

Dining in Koh Phi Phi

There is an abundance of dining possibilities on Phi Phi Don, the larger of the Koh Phi Phi islands, offering both local and international cuisine. Many restaurants are located on the beach, and there are also numerous food stalls selling pancakes and fruit shakes. Most restaurants are in Ton Sai, but each holiday resort has its own restaurant. Pee Pee Bakery has good sandwiches and cheap Thai food. Seafood buffets near the pier are the best place to find the fresh catch of the day, and Mama Resto is a popular option on Phi Phi Island.

Koh Samui
The Coast

A sun lover's holiday paradise, Koh Samui ('the coconut island') is Thailand's third largest island resort and no longer the footloose and fancy-free backpacker's secret hideaway it once was. Koh Samui now rivals Phuket as one of Thailand's most popular holiday destinations, with regular flights arriving at its own airport disgorging keen holidaymakers. There are a range of accommodation options on Koh Samui, from modest beach bungalows to luxury holiday resort hotels. The island still retains its laid-back atmosphere though, with friendly locals, good food and some not-too-commercial local attractions, like a crocodile farm and butterfly garden, to keep visitors entertained. Night time is party time with open-air discos and music bars throbbing in the darkness.

Nightlife in Koh Samui

The nightlife on Koh Samui is rated among some of the best in Thailand with discos, cabaret shows, clubs and pubs, many of which are open till sunrise, and located mainly in Chaweng and Lamai. Chaweng is the most popular area for nightlife, featuring everything from outdoor music bands to stylish nightclubs. Lamai caters for a slightly older crowd, but also has numerous music venues and bars. The top discos on the island are the Green Mango and Reggae Pub (Chaweng), and the Swing Bar (Lamai). There are also opportunities to watch classical Thai dancing, mud wrestling and Thai boxing. Beach parties with fireworks displays also occur regularly.

Shopping in Koh Samui

There are three main areas for shopping on Koh Samui: Nathon, Chaweng and Lamai, but all towns on the island offer shopping. Nathon is the main shopping centre, the town where the ferries arrive. Goods from all over Thailand are available, as well as traditional souvenirs like silk scarves. Chaweng and Nathon are excellent places to have clothes made by local tailors, while Chaweng and Lamai are the towns to find good quality western-style shops. Most towns have night and day markets, always intriguing regardless of whether one buys anything or not.

Things to do in Koh Samui

As an internationally renowned diving spot, Koh Samui offers a wide range of diving and snorkelling facilities and tours to enjoy on holiday. The largest concentration of dive schools in Koh Samui is in Sairee Beach (Koh Tao), Bophut Beach and Chaweng Beach (Koh Samui). The most popular dive sites are Chumphon Pinnacle and Sail Rock, however most are within range of a full-day excursion from Samui. Diving is year-round in Koh Samui, however windy conditions between October and December can decrease visibility.

If the beaches, watersports and underwater marine life are not enough, the island offers a variety of other activities and attractions, from elephant trekking to Thai cooking classes. For the less active, Samui also has wellness centres, places to learn yoga, alternative therapy centres and wonderful spas that exist for pure indulgence.

Things to be aware of in Koh Samui

Koh Samui's popularity as a holiday destination has resulted in overcrowding, and some might say an over-abundance of bars and street sellers.

Dining in Koh Samui

Koh Samui is highly regarded for its superb and abundant dining options, from excellent Thai cuisine to seafood, and a growing number of restaurants around the island offer a wide variety of international food and other specialities. Many restaurants have begun serving customers right on the beach for a truly scenic and tropical experience. Chaweng Beach has a large concentration of good international restaurants, while many of the best Thai restaurants are found in Lamai.

Koh Pha Ngan
The Coast

The beautiful little island of Koh Pha Ngan is a fantastic holiday destination lying in the centre of the Gulf of Thailand, about 35 miles (55km) from the mainland, and home to 10,000 or so people and hundreds of thousands of coconuts. Coconut exports and fishing have long been the mainstay of the locals, but in recent years tourism is becoming increasingly important as visitors flock in on ferries, lured by the island's magnificent beaches and the world renowned monthly Full Moon Party.

The site of Koh Pha Ngan's legendary parties is the crescent-shaped beach of Haad Rin on the island's south-east corner, which is besieged by up to 30,000 people from around the world at full moon each month. As dusk falls thousands of lamps are lit on tables along the beach and the music is cranked up, sending party-goers into a frenzy under the rising orb of the moon.

Visitors on holiday in Pha Ngan generally stay in one of about 200 thatched bamboo bungalows that line the island's beaches and are let out for a pittance. Those after more luxury can choose from the many holiday resort hotels. Wherever you stay, the holiday is wiled away pleasantly with snorkelling, swimming or relaxing on the white sands.

Facilities in the Koh Pha Ngan town of Thongsala are limited, but there is a bank, police station, clinic and pharmacy. Motorcycle taxis can be waved down, or mountain bikes hired to explore the more remote beaches. Some beaches can only be reached by sea, and water taxis are available in the town.

Nightlife in Koh Pha Ngan

While on holiday, most nights in Koh Pha Ngan's remote bungalow resorts are fairly peaceful, with a few beach bars playing music to serenade the incredible sunsets. At full moon, however, Haad Rin is the place to be, when a dozen or more sound systems blast the beach that becomes packed with thousands of hedonistic party animals. Along with visiting top class DJs, the entertainment is enhanced by jugglers, fire-eaters and frenzied dancers of all descriptions, while beach traders keep everyone fed and lubricated. The notorious Pha Ngan Full Moon parties are the ultimate experience.

Shopping in Koh Pha Ngan

On Koh Pha Ngan, most shops and kiosks are in Thongsala and Haad Rin, stocking a range of cheap clothing and novelties, mostly aimed at holiday backpackers. Local handicrafts are plentiful, particularly batik. There are some photo shops and small supermarkets, including a couple of 7-Elevens.

Things to do in Koh Pha Ngan

The interior of Koh Pha Ngan, with its rutted roads through coconut plantations, past crystal waterfalls, viewpoints and little villages, cries out to be explored on hired motorbikes. The Pang Waterfall National Park offers beautiful walking trails. Those looking for a more spiritual holiday experience can visit the renowned temple and meditation complex of Wat Khao Tahm, between Thongsala and Had Rin, offering courses and retreats.

The enticing warm waters off the white sand beaches that surround Koh Pha Ngan are the main source of activity for visitors, who enjoy boat rides, snorkelling on coral reefs or just bathing in between spells of soaking up the sun. Scuba diving in Koh Pha Ngan offers a range of dive sites suited to beginners and advanced divers. The west coast has the highest concentration of dive sites, but there are sites to the north as well. The waters around Koh Pha Ngan have abundant corals, and divers can expect to see damselfish, stingrays, sea anemones, barracuda, angelfish and cuttlefish. Many dive sites in Koh Pha Ngan have corals at a depth of between 16 and 98 feet (5 and 30m), though some, like Sailrock, go down as deep as 131 feet (40m). Haad Khom is a popular site for snorkelling in Koh Pha Ngan Bay due to an extensive shallow coral reef system.

Things to be aware of in Koh Pha Ngan

During the dry and rainy seasons mosquitoes can be a nuisance so be sure to pack plenty of mosquito repellent.

Dining in Koh Pha Ngan

There are plenty of storefront restaurants along the streets of Koh Pha Ngan's main town, Thong Sala, and along the beachfront at Haad Rin, ideal for a quick and tasty meal. Most serve a mix of Thai and western dishes. Street vendors are the cheapest option for local snacks. One of the most popular gathering places on the island is the Outback Bar on Thongsala's main street, which has a vast menu, pool tables, and a large screen TV showing satellite news and sports events. Another popular eatery is the Same Same restaurant at Ban Tai, offering basic favourites like burgers, pizza, pasta and steaks as well as Thai dishes.

Koh Tao
The Coast

Koh Tao ('Turtle Island') has been described as offering 'heaven under the sea', its main holiday attraction being the incredible snorkelling and scuba diving opportunities afforded in its clean, clear waters. Situated to the north of its more famous sisters, Koh Samui and Koh Pha Ngan, the island is a typical tropical paradise, with rich jungle in the centre surrounded by quiet, palm treed beaches.

Although tourist development has exploded in recent years, turning Koh Tao's traditional dirt-road villages into a montage of holiday resorts, souvenir stalls and restaurants, there are still plenty of unspoilt spots both on the coast and inland. The main beach is Sairee Beach, stretching about one mile (2km) along the west coast, offering a range of reasonably priced holiday accommodation, dive centres, restaurants, beach bars and other facilities.

Nightlife in Koh Tao

For a relaxed, idyllic island Koh, Tao has a surprisingly buzzing nightlife. When the sun sets the parties start, usually at bars and clubs right on the beach. Most of the action takes place at the main centres of Mae Had and Sairee, but there are many impromptu theme parties happening, usually advertised in shop windows or via word of mouth. Sand sculptures, crazy games, fried chicken, bucket cocktails and fire-jugglers are usually all part of the party scene. Those who prefer a more sedate evening can retire to a pub for a game of pool or darts, or sip cocktails in a laid-back lounge to the tune of some modern classics.

Shopping in Koh Tao

No-one could describe Koh Tao as a shopping destination, but most of the essentials required on holiday are available including basic medicines, sun screen, swim suits, sarongs, snorkelling equipment and so on. Most of the little stalls and stores lining beachfronts and main roads carry craft souvenirs made of shells or bamboo, and there is plenty of local jewellery available. There are a few supermarkets and market stalls with a good range of foodstuffs.

Things to do in Koh Tao

Koh Tao is known as a holiday paradise for scuba divers, with 25 dive sites in close proximity, stunning and unusual rock and coral formations teeming with the resident turtles, whale sharks, stingrays and gorgeous reef fish. Visibility can sometimes exceed 131 feet (40m), with the average being around 65 feet (20m). Chumphon Pinnacle is a great place to spot bull sharks, while other popular dive sites include Green Rock, Nang Yuan, and Ao Leuk. Diving in Koh Tao is available year-round, however there is some decreased visibility in windy November. Divers aren't the only ones playing in the water however, a variety of watersports are available from water-skiing and kayaking to sailing lessons.

On land, play the local sports like pétanque or croquet, go hiking, rock-climbing or mountain-biking. A variety of boat excursions are available, a favourite being to explore the next-door islet of Nangyuan with its remarkable triple beach. Many visitors sign up for classes in Tai Chi, Yoga or Thai boxing, or limber up at the local open air gym, finishing off with a herbal steam bath, traditional Thai massage, or relaxing reflexology.

Things to be aware of in Koh Tao

Check the tides as often as possible - during a full moon the tide can be so low that getting past the reef to snorkel can be a problem.

Dining in Koh Tao

Not too many years ago, no one in Koh Tao would have heard of pizza or pancakes; now however, international cuisine has taken over the island and it is possible to find anything you fancy, from Tex-Mex to French baguettes or good old English steak and kidney pie. This has not been at the expense of local authentic Thai food, however, which is still available everywhere from simple street stalls to beachfront terraces.

There are dozens of restaurants, new ones opening all the time, many offering open-air barbecues and grills. Some current favourites are the Café del Sol grill house, with a French chef serving up delectable steaks and homemade Italian dishes; the Greasy Spoon (Mae Head), delighting Brits with full-on English breakfasts and hefty portions of fish and chips, bangers and mash, and the like; and the open-air Eagle View on a hill top near Shark Bay, offering Thai cuisine with a spectacular view.

Pattaya
The Coast

Pattaya, situated about 62 miles (100km) south of Bangkok, was once just a quiet coastal fishing town. Today it teems with holidaymakers, both local and foreign, and is packed with hotels, shops, restaurants and bars. The tourism boom came with the Vietnam War, when Pattaya was chosen as a popular venue for American GIs to enjoy some 'R&R'. The town has developed something of a reputation for sex tourism, an image it is trying to shake off, although most of the night-time entertainment is centred around spicy cabarets, massage parlours, go-go bars, and beer-bars with girls for hire. The town however, has a multitude of other attractions on offer, from its rather crowded and well-used beaches to some first-class restaurants, hundreds of recreational activities, bazaar-type markets, and excursions to nearby more peaceful spots and offshore islands.

Nightlife in Pattaya

Holidaymakers will note that much of Pattaya's nightlife revolves around the notorious local sex-oriented industry, particularly along famed Walking Street in the party zone between Soi 14 and Soi 16 in south Pattaya. This area is closed to traffic at night, and buzzes with dozens of beer-bars, go-go clubs, discos, Thai boxing matches and massage parlours, lit with brilliant neon. Around the beach road the scene is almost as hectic. Extravagant and flamboyant cabarets and drag shows are extremely popular all over the city. Gay-only bars are centred on an area known as Boyz Town. Those looking for some more traditional evening entertainment can kick up their heels at an Irish pub, like The Little Irishman or Kilkenny's, or soak up some jazz at the Hopf Brew House on Beach Road.

Shopping in Pattaya

Holidaymakers will find that shopping in Pattaya is fun and interesting with many bargains to be had, as is the case in most major centres in Thailand. The main shopping area is in the south around the large seaside hotels. Congregated here is a selection of jewellery stores, tailors, boutiques selling silk and cotton goods, and handcraft shops. The largest shopping complex is on North Pattaya Road, designed like a traditional night market and including a bazaar, handcraft centre and several bars and restaurants to complement the shops.

Things to do in Pattaya

Like any popular seaside holiday resort, Pattaya has plenty of activities to amuse and amaze, both in and out of the water. Among the most popular pursuits are bungy-jumping, paragliding, jet-skiing, golf, cycling, fishing and elephant rides. Visitors can also whizz round the track at the Pattaya Kart Speedway or try their hand at one of numerous indoor bowling alleys. Holidaymakers who enjoy soaking up local culture can sign up for yoga, tai chi or Thai boxing courses, take a Thai language or cookery course, or indulge in some relaxing spa treatments, massages or meditation groups.

Pattaya is also a popular place for scuba diving in Thailand. The area is sheltered from the monsoons that decrease visibility in other areas, meaning diving is a year-round activity in Pattaya. There are several sites for wreck diving, considered the highlight of diving in Pattaya, but there are many other excellent dive sites, including the popular Koh Man Winchai. Divers in Pattaya are likely to encounter a variety of marine life, including octopus, clownfish, stingrays, eels and tawny nurse sharks.

Things to be aware of in Pattaya

Pattaya is not the ideal destination for families as it has a reputation for sex tourism and many older male travellers come here searching for prostitutes and go-go girls.

Dining in Pattaya

Whether your taste runs to English fry-ups or enchiladas, holidaymakers will find it in Pattaya where a range of eateries from street vendors to top notch gourmet restaurants cover the international gamut of cuisines from every country. Not only is the choice vast, but the budget range is too. For a pittance it is possible to dine on chicken fried rice or noodles from a streetside stall, or for a few hundred baht it is possible to go really upscale and dine in air-conditioned luxury at an elegant hotel restaurant, like the The Peak on the top floor of the Dusit Resort Pattaya. An unusual but fun spot is Cabbages and Condoms, a colourful restaurant serving vegetables grown from its own garden. Those intent on sticking to local cuisine will find plenty of mouth-watering Thai options everywhere they look; particularly recommended is fresh seafood, often available straight from a seawater tank.

Koh Chang
The Coast

The tropical island resort of Koh Chang is Thailand's second largest island after Phuket, and is made up of stunning white beaches, lofty mountain peaks, pristine rainforests and cascading waterfalls. Koh Chang is easily reached from Bangkok, a few hours away by road, and yet it remains relatively undeveloped and laid-back.

Koh Chang Island is home to exotic flora and fauna, abundant marine life and untouched, colourful coral reefs, making it an attractive holiday destination for adventurers, hiking enthusiasts and scuba divers, and the beautiful scenery, friendly locals, quality restaurants and trendy nightlife make it appealing to everyone else!

There is an array of accommodation options for visitors on the island, ranging from simple beach huts and bungalows to upmarket villas, suites and apartments. Daily flights from Bangkok, Phuket and Ko Samui arrive at the airport in Trat, from where ferries are available to Koh Chang.

Nightlife in Koh Chang

Koh Chang's engaging nightlife ranges from pubs and beach bars to live music venues and vibrant nightclubs. White Sand Beach is the nightlife hub of the island, with some of the most popular venues on its southern tip. On Klong Prao Beach there are cafés and bars with pool tables, board games and big screen TVs, and the same can be said for Kai Bae Beach. The bars on Lonely Beach appeal to a younger crowd, with live music and an increasingly debauched atmosphere - good fun!

Shopping in Koh Chang

Most Koh Chang shops are located along the main road of each beach, offering an assortment of souvenirs, beachwear, paintings, and sunglasses. The main beaches, like White Sand Beach and Kai Bae Beach, also have shops such as Speedo and BSC. Klong Prao Beach has three villages and each village has its own shopping centre with small shops, convenience stores, tailors, banks and tour agents.

Things to do in Koh Chang

Visitors to the Koh Chang island resort won't be short of things to see and do. The beaches are all great for swimming and relaxing, and activities such as canoeing, kayaking, fishing and snorkelling are on offer. However, the most popular Koh Chang activity is scuba diving; the resort boasts some of the best dive sites off the southern coast, with great visibility from November to April. Hiking to the Nam Tok Mayom and Nam Tok Klong Phu waterfalls is also great fun - be sure to cool off afterwards in the refreshing plunge pools. Elephant safaris can be done at Khlong Prao, and yachting enthusiasts will find sailing in the area is great from November to March.

Things to be aware of in Koh Chang

Sandflies are a real irritation as their bites cause itchy sores to develop.

Dining in Koh Chang

There are a number of great restaurants on Koh Chang. White Sand Beach (Had Sai Khao) and Klong Prao Beach both have a few good Thai restaurants and interesting cafés, including vegetarian cuisine options. Many beachside eateries are scttered around the island and something tasty is never too far away. Don't be scared of trying some street food, as this is often the cheapest and sometimes the best option for backpackers and budget travellers alike.

Koh Lanta
The Coast

Koh Lanta is a popular resort area in southern Thailand. Consisting of two islands, Koh Lanta Yai and Koh Lanta Noi, pretty much all of the tourist development is on Koh Lanta Yai, often referred to as simply Koh Lanta.

The island is a great place for travellers looking for a beach holiday away from the parties and crowds of Phuket, and is popular with slightly older tourists who populate the resorts and bungalows that line the beaches.

There are plenty of things to see and do on Koh Lanta, including exploring the Khao Mai Kaew Caves on foot or elephant-back, visiting the orchid nursery farm at Long Beach (Pra Ae Beach), and sunning on the beaches of Klong Dao, Kor Kwang, and the beautiful Kantiang Bay. Visitors can also get a taste of the culture of Koh Lanta by visiting Lanta Old Town and the Sea Gypsy Village.

Nightlife in Koh Lanta

As a more 'family friendly' island of Thailand, Koh Lanta is not known for its all night raves like its near neighbour Koh Phi Phi. This does not mean, however, that Koh Lanta does not have any nightlife to speak of whatsoever. On the contrary, many of the beaches, including Phrae Ae (Long Beach) and Klong Dao are lined with seaside bars which serve as perfect spots for a sundowner to watch the magnificent Koh Lanta sunsets and often begin to come to life after dark. If one is looking for more of a club scene, Saladan Pier would be a good bet and various places along the northwest coast of Koh Lanta. So although the island id not renowned for a crazy nightlife, Koh Lanta actually has some very good pubs and bars, with the odd club to cater for the early hour dance moves that may be in your repertoire.

Shopping in Koh Lanta

Koh Lanta is not as popular with shoppers as perhaps Bangkok or Phuket, but all the essentials you need and more are available on the island. The most popular shopping spot on the island is the night market near Saladan pier. This market sports everything from locally made clothes to delicious treats out of a hot wok and everything in between. Many cafés and small shops cater for quick purchases and street vendors are popular around the pier for curios and trinkets. So although not the best place to shop in Thailand, Koh Lanta does have what you need and the odd bargain on locally produced goods.

Things to do in Koh Lanta

Koh Lanta is a great island for a fun, activity filled holiday, with something for everyone. With many beautiful beaches scattered around the island, from the popular Phrae Ae (Long Beach) and Klong Dao to the more hidden and secluded Klong Nin and Kantiang Bay, visitors can soak up some sun in an environment which best suits them. The best ways to get to these beaches would probably be by scooter and what better place to start your riding career than Koh Lanta. The roads on Lanta are far less busy than many surrounding islands and the mainland, and therefore, it is the perfect place to learn to ride a scooter to explore the cliffs and beaches around the miles of coast. Day trips are also popular from Koh Lanta to popular diving and scuba spots, including Koh Haa and Hin Muang, which are rated as some of the best diving locations in Thailand. Other popular activities include yoga on the beach, cooking lessons from some fantastic teachers and a visit to the wonderful Koh Lanta Animal Welfare which so graciously and committed takes care of the animals of the island and will even let you take a dog to the beach for a walk.

Things to be aware of in Koh Lanta

Although the roads are negotiable, there are many potholes and dirt patches which can be dangerous when exploring the island by scooter.

Dining in Koh Lanta

A fairly large island compared to many of the southern Thai outcrops, Koh Lanta has a good variety when it comes to restaurants. From the luxurious eateries in the top resorts, to the lonely street vendor operating from their mobile cart, the food around Koh Lanta is delicious no matter the location or facility. It seems that everyone is a chef on Koh Lanta, as around every corner one finds a sizzling wok cooking beautifully fresh ingredients or blending together some of the islands freshly picked mangoes, banana and coconuts for a brilliantly refreshing smoothie on those scorching tropical days. But Koh Lanta is not all about the street food, although it is almost always surprisingly good and remarkably cheap. The island also offers some very fine eateries serving up both wonderful local and international cuisine. And the best thing about a good restaurant on Koh Lanta is that the view is more often than not a breathtaking vista of the bright blue Andaman Sea and to top that, Lanta is known for its glorious palm fringed sunsets of bright pink, red and orange.

Overview of the Attractions in Thailand

There is so much to see and do in Thailand that few visitors can resist returning. With an expansive coast line and gorgeous tropical islands, Thailand is justly famed for its wonderful beaches and laid-back lifestyle. Inland, there are the iconic sights of lush jungles, rolling hills and rice paddies. As a country of Buddhists, there is also an abundance of golden temples and beautiful, spiritually-inspired architecture. One word of caution though: to avoid the common fate of temple fatigue, visitors shouldn't try to see too many. They should rather concentrate on a few key attractions and spend some quality time in each of them.

In contrast is the buzzing atmosphere of Bangkok, whose neon lights and smoggy streets blend with gardens and floating markets to create a unique hybrid of old and new - at a frenetic pace.

One reason why Thailand is such a rewarding sightseeing destination is that it has retained its distinctive identity in the face of significant western influence. That makes visiting here an exciting and exotic experience, whether travellers are resort-loving beach bums or adrenaline junkies exploring hill tribes and river rapids. More good news is that Thailand is blessed with year-round temperate weather, so travellers can visit at any time - although in the months from June-October, rough sea conditions may make some islands unreachable via the ferry system.

Getting around is fairly easy and remarkably safe. An excellent bus network connects even far-flung towns with the major cities, while a comfortable sleeper train connects Chiang Mai in the far north with the capital Bangkok. Many people prefer to see the sights via organised tours and air-conditioned buses, but by doing so visitors risk missing out on the fun of getting between attractions, where they will encounter local people in unexpected ways.

Damnoen Saduak Floating Market
Bangkok

The Damnoen Saduak Floating Market is an escape from the Western-style shopping malls of Bangkok and a glimpse into the past, revealing the centuries-old way of life of the residents whose stilt-houses perch on the canals and make their living selling fruits, vegetables and flowers. Visitors can explore the market with boat trips and sample the wares of local farmers as they do so. They can also enjoy the experience of floating through one of Thailand's many river villages.

Getting there: Bus 78 from Bangkok Southern Bus Terminal to Damnoen Saduak Bus Terminal.

Royal Grand Palace
Bangkok

Opening time: Open daily 8.30am - 3.30pm

Admission: THB 500

The Royal Grand Palace is a popular Bangkok attraction. Construction of the palace began in 1782 and was completed in time for the coronation of King Rama I, and opened in 1785 to signify the end of the Burmese invasion of Thailand. The palace itself is made up of a complex array of smaller buildings, most notably the Wat Mahatat (the Palace Temple) and the Wat Phra Keow (the Royal Chapel), which houses the famous Emerald Buddha sculpted from a single piece of jade, one of the most revered objects in Thailand.

Address: Na Phralan Road, Phra Nakhon

Royal Barges National Museum
Bangkok

Opening time: Open Saturdays and Sundays 9am to 5pm

Admission: THB 200 in order to take photos, otherwise THB 100.

The Royal Barges National Museum houses several decorative royal barges, the earliest of which dates back to 1357. Most of the barges served as War Vessels at one point, and were subsequently used on royal or state occasions on the Chao Phraya River. Due to their age, the barges are now rarely used, but their intricate designs reflecting Thai religious beliefs and local history are of great importance to the country's heritage. The barges were last used at the end of 1999 to celebrate the king's 72nd birthday.

Getting there: Get a guide to take you, or take the ferry to Phra Pin Klao Bridge Pier and walk the rest of the way.

Address: Arun Amarin Road, Bangkok Noi

Temple of the Reclining Buddha (Wat Pho)
Bangkok

Situated adjacent to the Royal Grand Palace, Wat Pho is Bangkok's oldest, largest and most famous temple, recognised by the UNESCO Memory of the World Programme. The grounds of Wat Pho contain over 1,000 statues of Buddha, and the temple houses one of Thailand's most spectacular sights, the Reclining Buddha: a 151-foot (46m) long and 49-foot (15m) high statue that is gold-plated and inlaid with Mother-of-Pearl on the soles of its feet. In the 19th century King Rama III turned Wat Pho into a centre of learning and it is considered the birthplace of the traditional Thai massage. Visitors today can still have a massage and learn about the ancient art of Thai Medicine.

Address: 2 Sanamchai Road

Website: http://www.watpho.com

Jim Thompson’s House
Bangkok

Opening time: Open 9am - 6pm daily.

Admission: THB 150

American silk entrepreneur Jim Thompson deserves most of the credit for the current popularity of Thai silk around the world. Having travelled to Bangkok with the US Army in World War II, Thompson was struck by the beauty of Thai silk and began marketing it to US buyers in 1948, establishing the Thai Silk Company Limited. His fame increased when, in 1967, Thompson disappeared in the Cameron Highlands of Malaysia under mysterious circumstances. He has never been heard of since. The house itself is an excellent example of Thai residential architecture, and inside is a display of his Oriental art and antique collection, as well as an array of his personal belongings.

Address: 6 Soi Kasemsan 2, Rama 1 Road

Website: http://www.jimthompsonhouse.com

Kanchanaburi
Bangkok

Located 89 miles (143km) west of Bangkok, the town of Kanchanaburi has secured its position of infamy as the original site of the Bridge Over The River Kwai, where during World War II allied prisoners of war were used by the Japanese to build the Death Railway, killing thousands in the process. With its modern hotels and welcoming air, Kanchanaburi seems an unlikely setting, but the bridge is still in use and the graves of the Allied soldiers are testament to the town's unfortunate past. Worth a visit is the JEATH (Japan, England, Australia/America, Thailand and Holland) War Museum in Kanchanaburi, which recounts experiences in the Japanese POW camps during the War. The Sai Yok Yai Waterfall in the Sai Yok National Park is a place of idyllic beauty and makes a good excursion from Kanchanaburi; the falls are widely celebrated in Thai poetry and songs. The turquoise waters of Erawan Falls are also reachable from Kanchanaburi as an interesting day trip.

Website: http://www.kanchanaburi-info.com

Doi Suthep
Chiang Mai

Some 13 miles (21km) west of Chiang Mai lies the Doi Suthep Mountain, famous for the Wat Phrathat temple perched on the summit. Legend has it that in the late 14th century King Ku Na was looking for somewhere to house a collection of holy relics. He placed them in a howdah (canopied seat) on the back of an elephant and let the animal wander. The elephant proceeded to climb Doi Suthep, on top of which it trumpeted, turned round three times and knelt to indicate that this was the spot. Within the site are bells, pagodas, statues and shrines influenced by both Buddhist and Hindu culture, including a model of the Emerald Buddha and a statue of the Hindu god Ganesh. Wat Phrathat can be reached either by a flight of about 300 steps, or by funicular, and offers breathtaking views of the countryside.

Getting there: Songthaews (red taxi trucks) leave from in front of Chiang Mai University and in front of the Chiang Mai Zoo. They cost around THB 30 per person one-way.

Mae Sa Waterfall
Chiang Mai

Opening time: Open daily 8am-6pm.

Admission: THB 200

Set in the lush Doi Suithep-Pui National Park, only 10 miles (15km) out of town, the Mae Sa Waterfall is definitely worth visiting on any Thailand holiday. Travellers should follow the winding pathway to the waterfall's plummeting 10-tiered cascades. There are various little secluded areas along the trail where visitors can relax with a picnic. The jungle villages dotting the riverbanks are also fascinating to see. This popular picnic and swimming spot gets a bit over-crowded on weekends.

Address: Mae Sa Valley

Koh Samet
Bangkok

The T-shaped island of Koh Samet is within easy distance of mainland Thailand, and at only 104 miles (168km) from Bangkok a great weekend excursion to get out of the city. A popular island for both foreigners and locals on holiday in Thailand, Koh Samet is a small island known for its white sandy beaches and crystal-clear waters. Koh Samet has just one (rather bumpy) main road, and getting around the island is accomplished either by songthaew (a pick-up truck-style taxi), or by hiring a motorcycle or ATV. This way, tourists can visit the stunning beaches on Koh Samet, including the busy Hat Sai Kaew, quiet Ao Hin Khok, and romantic Ao Wai. Most of the activity is centred on Hat Sai Kaew, where holidaymakers can enjoy activities like swimming, windsurfing, jet-skiing, yachting or just sunbathing. There are also nightly fire-twirling shows at 6pm and 10:30pm. The tourist centre of Koh Samet, tourists can also enjoy excellent Thai seafood restaurants and lively bars, and take classes in Muay Thai boxing or fire-spinning.

Website: http://www.kosamet.net

Chiang Mai Zoo
Chiang Mai

Opening time: 8am to 6pm

Admission: THB 150, concessions available. Panda house, aquarium and snow dome tickets sold separately.

Boasting giant pandas from China, Chiang Mai Zoo has earned itself quite a reputation with travellers as one of the top attractions in the region. The perfect destination for a day trip with the kids, the Chiang Mai Zoo also features exhibits such as a walk through aviary, Gibbon Island, an aquarium, a Cape Fur seal exhibit and even a special Children's Zoo. With two waterfalls, plenty of space to run around and a fabulous variety of exotic residents, a trip to the zoo is a must for all animal lovers and a great way to spend the day. Seal shows and other animal shows are conducted several times a day.

Address: 100 Huay Kaew Road, Tambon Su Thep, Amphoe Mueang

Website: http://www.chiangmaizoo.com

Temple of the Golden Buddha (Wat Traimit)
Bangkok

Dating back to the 13th century, the buddha at Wat Traimit stands nearly 10 feet (3m) tall, weighs over five tons and is believed to be solid cast gold, the largest gold statue in the world. It was discovered by accident in 1957 when an old stucco image was dropped by a crane, shattering the plaster shell to reveal the brilliantly shining gold underneath. The statue is breathtaking and is thought to have come from Ayutthaya covered in plaster to hide it from the Burmese invaders.

Address: Traimit Rd

Bangkok National Museum
Bangkok

Opening time: Wednesday to Sunday 9am to 3.30pm

Originally built in 1874, the Bangkok National Museum is located within the grounds of the Royal Palace, just a 15-minute walk from the palace of the Emerald Buddha, and displays thousands of artefacts ranging all the way from Neolithic times to present day. It is known as Thailand's central treasury of art and archaeology. Many of the actual buildings are works of art themselves, surrounded by brightly-coloured pavilions and boasting some of Southeast Asia's most ornate jewellery and historical treasures. A visit to the museum is a must for anyone who wants a better understanding of Thailand's rich culture and history. Guided tours are conducted on Wednesdays and Thursdays in various international languages.

Address: Na Phra That Rd

Wat Suthat and the Giant Swing
Bangkok

Wat Suthat is among the oldest and largest temples in Bangkok and is home to the beautiful 13th-century Phra Buddha Shakyamuni, a 25-foot (8m) tall bronze Buddha image that was brought from Sukhothai and containing the ashes of King Rama VIII. It is also known for its exquisite wall paintings, done during the reign of Rama III. The enormous arch made of teak outside the wat is all that remains of an original swing which was used to celebrate and thank Shiva for a bountiful rice harvest. Teams of men would ride the swing on arcs as high as 82 feet (25m) into the air, grabbing at bags of silver coins with their teeth. The swing ceremony was discontinued in 1932 due to countless injuries and deaths, but the thanksgiving festival is still celebrated in mid-December after the rice harvest.

Address: Sao Chingcha Square

Phuket Beaches
Phuket

Few places in the world can match Phuket for its array of beautiful beaches with white sands and crystal clear waters. From the popular Patong Beach, which daily draws hundreds of visitors to its shores, to the quieter Kata Noi hidden away from the crowds, Phuket has a strip of sand for everyone. For those who want to burn off some energy, activities such as parasailing, jet skiing and snorkelling can be found on many of the more popular beaches. The best beaches in Phuket for snorkelling would be Ao Sane and Paradise Beach. For those who prefer to sit back and enjoy the atmosphere, there are beachside massages, restaurants and cocktail bars around every corner. In this regard, the best beaches in Phuket for relaxing, with a more secluded, hidden feeling would be Mai Khao, Had Sai or Freedom Beach. When the day is done, Phuket offers some of the most beautiful sunsets travellers will ever see, framed by sheer limestone cliffs and the lazy coconut palms which line the beaches.

Wat Benchamabophit (The Marble Temple)
Bangkok

Wat Benchamabophit, also known as the Marble Temple, is constructed of white Carrara marble (even the courtyard is paved with polished white marble) and is known as one of Bangkok's most beautiful temples. The temple's name literally means 'The Temple of the fifth King located nearby Dusit Palace'. Built of Italian marble and designed by Prince Naris, a half-brother of the king, it is unique in that, unlike older complexes, there is no wihaan or chedi dominating the grounds. The temple houses many Buddha images representing various regional styles. Inside the ornate Ordination Hall (Ubosot) is a Sukhothai-style Buddha statue named Phra Buddhajinaraja, and buried under this statue are the ashes of King Rama V. The site also contains the Benchamabophit National Museum.

Address: Si Ayutthaya Rd

Vimanmek Mansion Museum
Bangkok

Built by King Rama V in 1900, the exquisite golden teakwood mansion, also known as Vimanmek Palace, is located in the Dusit Palace complex. It was restored in 1982 for Bangkok's bicentennial and King Rama IX granted permission to transform Vimanmek Mansion into a museum to commemorate King Rama V by displaying his photographs, personal art and handicrafts, and to serve as a showcase of the Thai national heritage. The informative hour-long tour takes visitors through a series of apartments and rooms, a staggering 72 in total, in what is said to be the largest teak building in the world. It is now a major tourist attraction and a definite must for anyone visiting the intriguing city of Bangkok. Visitors to the Vimanmek Palace are required to dress modestly, meaning men must wear long pants and women must wear skirts or pants below the knee and have their shoulders covered. Sarongs are available to hire if visitors need to cover up, but they occasionally run out.

Address: 5/1 Ratchawithi Rd, Dusit Palace grounds

Chatuchak Market
Bangkok

Opening time: Weekends 9am-6pm.

Admission: Free

The Chatuchak Market (also known as the JJ Market) is said to be the largest flea market in the world. 'Organised' along narrow grid lines under tin roofs, this enormous market is packed tight with all of Thailand's wares. Around 15,000 stalls are loosely categorised into clothing, crafts, food, and animal sections and it is easy to become disoriented quickly. Some of Thailand's illegally traded animals are sold here and vendors are quick to spot signs of oncoming raids. However, a host of legal but bizarre goods are also traded; cock-fighting roosters, monkeys, fake designer gear and antiques are just the tip of the iceberg. The market is only open on the weekends from 8am to 6pm and on Fridays for wholesalers. It is easily reached by the Skytrain from the Mo Chit station and by subway. Visitors should keep the import restrictions of their home countries in mind when shopping at Chatuchak Market, and buy accordingly.

Website: http://www.chatuchakmarket.org/

Muay Thai
Bangkok

Fight fans will get a kick out of Thailand's national sport, Muay Thai. The matches are best watched at the Rajadamnern stadium, though visitors should be warned that the prices for foreigners or farang are much more than local's. Usually fewer than 10 matches are arranged for a night but the brutality of the style means that some of these result in quick knockouts. The events are a mix of traditional Thai music and traditional pre-match customs before the hard hitting fight that utilises elbows, knees, fists, and shins to knock out the opponent. Several types of tickets are available, the more expensive fight floor, and the more rowdy informal gambling area on the second tier. Tourists should watch their hand movements as they can be interpreted as willingness to bet. Fights can be seen on Mondays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Sundays in the evening. Lumpinee Stadium also showcases fights to a more touristy audience.

Address: Rajadamnern Stadium, 1 Rajadamnern Nok Rd

Website: http://www.rajadamnern.com

Lopburi Monkey Temple
Bangkok

The two and a half hour, 100-mile (150km) train ride to the Monkey Temple in the town of Lopburi is an easy day trip out of Bangkok. Legend has it the temple was founded by a fallen arrow of Hanuman, the Hindu Monkey God. The animal kingdom hierarchy is reversed here as the temple gives the monkeys free roam and food. Often novelty turns into nervousness as visitors are followed by crowds of the impolite inhabitants. Visitors can buy packs of sunflower seeds for THB 10 to feed the monkeys, but should keep watch of loose items like glasses, purses, and especially food as the monkeys are keen pickpockets and they bite. November is the Monkey Festival in Lopburi but it is interesting to visit year-round.

Address: Lopburi, 93 miles (150km) north-east of Bangkok.

Ayutthaya
Bangkok

Ayutthaya is the former capital of Siam, from 1350 until mid-18th century, and at one time was one of the largest cities in the world. The capital was relocated to Bangkok in 1768 when the Burmese army destroyed much of Ayutthaya. Today, tourists needn't imagine too much to experience the splendour of the old capital, as many of the enormous structures are still there, and the ruins of Ayutthaya have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Multiple buses (a trip that takes a bit over an hour) and trains arrive daily from Bangkok and a boat up the Chao Phraya River to Ayutthaya can be organised through travel agencies. Although many organised tours in Thailand can be a frustrating experience, a tour guide here can give some fascinating history to the already impressive wats. This is an easy way to experience some of the ancient history of Siam as Bangkok is relatively new.

Address: At the junction of the Chao Phraya, Lopburi and Pa Sak rivers

Pai
Chiang Mai

Located 83 miles (135km) up a coiled mountain road from Chiang Mai in the extreme northwest of Thailand, Pai is an unlikely tourist attraction. The town has undergone a number of transitions from hill tribe village to hippie hideaway to a tourist playground. Its relaxed atmosphere and peaceful mountain scenery have enlarged its widening reputation and it is now a tourist hot spot. Pai is a popular base camp for treks into the hills which can be arranged through hotels or travel agencies in the city. Closer waterfalls and hot springs are worth a visit, and elephant camps are nearby as well. An airport now connects Pai to Chiang Mai, but the best way to get there is by motorbike or bus in order to see the beautiful scenery on the way.

Address: 83 miles (135km) from Chiang Mai

Hilltribe Museum and Education Centre

Chiang Rai's Hilltribe Museum and Education Centre is a great place to visit before heading on a trek to visit the hill-tribes in the region around Chiang Rai. The centre has several exhibits aimed to give visitors a better understanding of the culture and history of the tribes, but also gives an honest account of how the tribes are exploited by the Thai tourism industry. Tourists can also arrange hill-tribe tours from the centre. There is an excellent restaurant downstairs whose proceeds fund social programmes.

Address: 620/25 Thanalai Road, A. Muang

Doi Tung Royal Villa

High in the mountains of central Thailand, the Doi Tung Royal Villa was the residence of the late Princess Srinagarindra, also known as the Princess Mother. The Princess Mother built herself a summer residence in the area as part of her development project to discourage local farmers from growing opium and employing harmful 'slash and burn' practises. After her death, the residence was converted into a museum, and the rest of the property, including the Mae Fah Luang Garden and Mae Fah Luang Arboretum, is also open to the public. The complex has a hotel, restaurant, coffee shop and gift shop.

Chiang Mai Temples
Chiang Mai

Temple tours of Chiang Mai are a wonderful attraction for visitors. The old town is home to the most honoured temples and some tranquil Buddhist sanctuaries. The historic Wat Pra Singh holds the revered Phra Singh Buddha, which possibly dates from the 14th century. The oldest temple in Chiang Mai is Wat Chiang Man (established by King Mengrai), noted for its ancient bas reliefs and massive teak columns. Wat Chedi Luang boasts a gigantic chedi ruin, said to be the tallest structure in the old town, and was once home to the sacred Emerald Buddha (now in Bangkok).

Chiang Mai City Arts and Cultural Center
Chiang Mai

The Chiang Mai City Arts and Cultural Center is an interesting attraction near the Three Kings Monument (Saam Kasat). This multimedia history and cultural education centre offers English-subtitled video displays of Chiang Mai, followed by tours of the rooms documenting the region's history and culture since the pre-Muang period. There are also exhibits showcasing Buddhism and regional beliefs, as well as agricultural history, hill tribes and other regional cultures, and the royal dynasties are also represented. The guides are elegantly outfitted in traditional Thai clothing. The Center is a must-visit for anyone interested in learning more about the rich culture and history of Chiang Mai.

Address: Prapokkloa Road

Lisu Hill-Tribe Display
Chiang Mai

A worthwhile Chiang Mai attraction is the Lisu Hill-Tribe display at the Hill-Tribe Research Institute Museum. The lives and cultures of the hill-tribe people of Thailand are exhibited here through photographs, agricultural implements, religious artefacts and musical instruments. Household utensils and ethnic costumes are also displayed. The non-hill-tribe ethnic minority, the Mlabri (who are often associated with the 'spirit of the yellow leaves'), are included in this extraordinary exhibit.

Address: Chotana Road

Bhubing Palace
Chiang Mai

Opening time: 8.30am to 4.30pm, closed when the Royal Family is in residence.

Admission: THB 50 for foreigners.

The royal winter palace of Bhubing has beautiful, regal structures and extravagantly landscaped gardens for visitors to take in. The palace may not be entered but the gardens can be explored when the Thai royal family is not in residence. The gardens of Bhubing Palace are known for their stunning roses, and are home to a variety of bird and insect life. Visitors can walk up to the Queen's water fountain and find some shade under a pagoda. There is a strict dress code which must be adhered to when visiting this royal site, including a ban on shorts and dresses that show the shoulders.

Address: Doi Buak Ha, Doi Suthep

Website: http://www.bhubingpalace.org

Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden
Chiang Mai

Opening time: 8.30am - 5pm

Admission: THB 100

A beautiful Chiang Mai attraction, the first genuine botanical garden in Thailand was the Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden in the Mae Sa Valley. It now also serves as a centre of botanical research and studies. The main feature of this attraction is the Glasshouse Complex, made up of four exhibition conservatories and eight display glasshouses. A lovely river runs melodically through the grounds. The Thai Orchid Nursery and Rock Garden are other highlights of the gardens, as well as various walking trails and shaded rest areas. Facilities for visitors include a restaurant, a first-aid station, souvenir shops and toilets.

Address: Mae Sa Valley

Website: http://www.qsbg.org

Maesa Elephant Camp
Chiang Mai

Maesa Elephant Camp is a popular attraction located up in the Muang hills, about a half hour's drive north of Chiang Mai. The camp is home to dozens of Asian elephants, and is dedicated to conservation and breeding. Visitors to the camp will be privy to shows which include elephants playing football and even painting! There are also elephant rides available for the more adventurous. Although this is not a natural environment for these great animals, they are well cared for and very entertaining. The best time to visit Maesa Elephant Camp is on March 13th, which is National Thai Elephant Day and is celebrated by an enormous banquet for the pachyderms.

Address: 119/9 Tapae Road, Muang District

Website: http://www.maesaelephantcamp.com

Bangkok Children’s Discovery Museum
Bangkok

Opening time: Open daily 10am to 4pm

Admission: Free

Featuring fun, interactive exhibits, the Children's Discovery Museum in Bangkok encourages hands-on experience in science, nature, culture and society. With galleries themed Body and Mind, Culture and Society, and Technology, children can learn about a multitude of sciences in an interesting and enjoyable way. The best times to visit are in early morning and late afternoon, in order to avoid large school groups.

Address: Chatuchak Park

Dusit Zoo
Bangkok

Built by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) as his private garden adjacent to the royal palace, the Dusit Zoo is Thailand's oldest zoo. The zoo boasts an animal hospital, zoo museum and educational centre, sightseeing train, activity ground and cafeteria. Kids will love exploring everything that the Dusit Zoo has to offer and meeting rare animals like the White Bengal Tiger and Albino Barking Deer, along with others such as monkeys, penguins and camels.

Address: Rama V Road, Dusit

Siam Ocean World
Bangkok

Opening time: Open daily 10am - 9pm.

Admission: THB 990, concessions are available.

Located in the Siam Paragon Shopping Centre, the Bangkok Sea Life Ocean World is one of the largest aquariums in Southeast Asia and features seven different zones; from weird and wonderful and deep reef, to living ocean and rocky shore. The aquarium features 30,000 marine animals, including Oriental Small-Clawed otters, ragged-tooth sharks, stingrays and giant groupers. Children will simply love Siam Ocean World, where they can watch live shows, have a shark encounter, ride in a glass-bottom boat, or enjoy a 4D cinema experience.

Address: Basement floor, Siam Paragon Shopping Centre

Website: http://www.sealifebangkok.com

Snake Farm (Thai Red Cross Farm)
Bangkok

Opening time: Monday to Friday 9.30am to 3.30pm, Saturday and Sunday 9.30am to 1pm.

Admission: THB 200 for adults.

Originally set up to for research to extract the venom from snakes to make anti-venom, the Snake Farm is a great place to take the kids if they're interested in these slithering creatures. Featuring Malayan Pit Vipers, King Cobras, Banded Kraits and Russell Vipers, the Snake Farm educates the public on snakes and safety surrounding them. Venom-milking and snake-handling shows are held daily at 10:30am and 2pm on weekdays, and 10:30am on public holidays.

Address: Corner of Henry Dunant and Rama IV Roads

Website: http://www.saovabha.com/en/snakefarm_service.asp

Bangkok Butterfly Garden and Insectarium
Bangkok

Located between the Queen Sirikit Gardens and the Children's Discovery Museum, this massive enclosure with rockeries, plants, ferns and a waterfall features some of the most dazzlingly beautiful butterflies in Thailand. Boasting dozens of species, including rare butterflies, looking up at the dome at any given moment, visitors to the Bangkok Butterfly Garden and Insectarium can see more than 500 types of butterflies, such as the Golden Birdwing or Siam Tree Nymph. The Queen Sirikit Gardens are a wonderful place to take a walk and feature magnificently coloured flowers, mazes, ponds and shady trees. Visitors who come here can enjoy a wonderful day of stunning gardens and scenery, butterfly spotting and even picnicking.

Address: Rod Fai Park, BTS Mochit

Museum of Insects and Natural Wonders
Chiang Mai

Opening time: Open daily 10am - 4pm

Kids will love this wonderland of interesting creepy crawlies. Founded in 2002 by Manop Rattanarithikul (nicknamed 'The Mosquito Man') and his wife, Dr Rampa Rattanarithikul, a distinguished academic with 44 papers published in her name. The couple both have a keen interest in insects and have been studying them for most of their lives. Manop guides curious visitors through his vast and rare collection of insects and invertebrates that comprises 422 species of insects in Thailand.

Address: Sirimungkalajarn Road Soi 13

Website: http://www.thailandinsect.com

Phang Nga Bay
Phuket

The holiday spot of Phang Nga Bay is characterised by sheer limestone cliffs that jut vertically out of the emerald green water. The bay contains a fascinating collection of 3,500 islands, most of them uninhabited, which are unique in that they have central hollows or 'rooms', actually collapsed cave systems, containing hidden realms of unspoilt fauna and flora. Many of these can only be reached by inflatable kayak, which makes exploring the bay on the water an exciting way to enjoy the spectacular scenery. The largest and most popular Phang Nga Bay islands are James Bond Island and Koh Pannyi, the first named for having been where the movie The Man with the Golden Gun was filmed. Koh Pannyi or Sea Gypsy Island is where a village has been built on stilts in the water with a giant monolithic rock guarding its rear. Regular boat trips carry holiday tourists from Phuket to Phang Nga Bay, and it can be overcrowded during high season.

Thalang National Museum
Phuket

The best place to learn more about Phuket's past and present is the Thalang National Museum, which chronicles the island's daily life as well as its long history. There are exhibits on tin mining, military history, the Sea Gypsy culture and artefacts of the ancient Sukothai kingdom, dating back to the 9th century. One of the most interesting exhibits is the Monument of the Two Heroines, sisters Thao Thep Krasattri and Thao Si Sunthorn, who helped to repel the Burmese invasion in the 18th century.

Address: 229 Soi Lak Mueang 1, Thalang, north of Phuket City

Wat Chalong Buddhist Temple
Phuket

Wat Chalong is the most famous of the 29 Buddhist temples in Phuket, welcoming thousands of visitors every year. The site is dedicated to two monks who used their knowledge of herbal medicine to assist in the tin miners' rebellion of 1876. The many buildings of the temple complex contain gilt statues, paintings, and relics, including a splinter of bone said to belong to the Buddha. A unique aspect of Wat Chalong is the regular sound of firecrackers, which are set off to show gratitude for answered prayers. Visitors to Buddhist temples should take care not to wear revealing clothing (with knees and shoulders covered), and be prepared to leave their shoes at the door.

Address: Chao Fah Tawan Tok Rd

Website: http://www.wat-chalong-phuket.com

Similan Islands National Park
Phuket

The Similan Islands have a reputation, even among the many Thai islands, as one of the world's top scuba diving sites. The intense blue waters are framed by white coral sand beaches, and are home to intricate coral reefs and rock formations. The most famous dive site in the Similan Islands is Richelieu Rock, where whale sharks are commonly spotted. The Similan archipelago consists of nine islands: Ko Bon, Ko Bayu, Ko Similan, Ko Payu, Ko Miang, Ko Payan, Ko Payang, and Ko Huyong. Not all are open to visitors, and all are virtually uninhabited. Many charters offer day trips to the Similan Islands from Phuket and Phang Nga, but there are limited accommodation opportunities as well. Note that the park is closed from May 1st to November 1st every year, and it is illegal to visit during this period; guests who do so put their lives at risk as there are is no emergency support.

Website: http://www.similans.net

Koh Yao Islands
Phuket

The Koh Yao Islands are located in Phang Nga Bay, halfway between Phuket and the Krabi mainland. The islands are known as quiet retreats from the bustle of Phuket, and are popular excursions for tourists in the Thai islands. In 2002, Koh Yao Noi received the World Legacy Award for Destination Stewardship from Conservation International and National Geographic Traveler Magazine for its innovative home stay programmes offered by locals. Maintaining their traditional way of life is important to the residents, as is preserving their environment; the top activities on the islands include hiking, kayaking, swimming and snorkelling. Though the islands are both small and have few facilities, Koh Yao Noi has recently added amenities like restaurants, shops, and internet service. The islands are a quiet and secluded refuge from the hordes of tourists in nearby resorts. Visitors are advised to bring cash with them, though there are a few ATMs.

Sukhothai

Now a small city in southern Thailand, Sukhothai was once the seat of an ancient Siamese culture. The Sukhothai National Historic Park has been named a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is dedicated to preserving the area's many temples, palaces and monuments, which date back to the 13th century. The old city covers roughly 27 square miles (70 sq km) and is divided into three zones, each of which charge separate admission. There are bicycle rentals available, and there is a privately-run tour by tram. New Sukhothai, 7.5 miles (12km) from the historic park, features a fresh market with great local food, and a few shops and restaurants.

Chiang Rai
Chiang Mai

Nestled into the lush mountains of northernmost Thailand, Chiang Rai is a hotspot for travellers who want to get a real cultural experience from their stay in Thailand. The region is home to the remote hill tribe communities that make up about 10 percent of Thailand's population. Scattered through the mountains and valleys of the province, the tribes are descendents of nomadic peoples from Tibet and southern China. Each tribe is unique, with its own colourful culture and traditions. Many travellers arrive in Chiang Rai from Chiang Mai (a three-hour bus journey) to begin their treks to hill tribe villages, but there is plenty to see and do in Chiang Rai itself including many beautiful temples and interesting museums. Visitors will also find good restaurants and food stalls offering a taste of northern Thai cuisine. The city has a lively, if not endless, nightlife, with a few good bars and pubs hosting live music. Chiang Rai is situated near the coming together of the three modern nations of Thailand, Myanmar and Laos, a region known as the Golden Triangle, which is dissected by the mighty Mekong River.

Getting there: Chiang Rai is 3-4 hours by bus from Chiang Mai

Trekking

Since the early 1970s, northern Thailand near Chiang Mai has been a popular base for hill-tribe trekking in Thailand. Treks into the mountains and forests of the north, inhabited by the hill tribes, are a popular tourist attraction. Presently there are over 100 companies based in Chiang Mai, the centre of tourism for hill-tribe trekking, offering treks into the mountains, and as these treks can be dangerous, tourists are advised only to trek with companies registered with either the Professional Guide Association or the Jungle Tour Club of Northern Thailand.

Hill-tribe trekking in Thailand round the Chang Mai and Mae Hong Son regions allows tourists a glimpse into the rich culture of the numerous tribes living in the mountainous regions of the country, who live off the land cultivating crops, hunting and collecting produce. Their fragile existence is easily damaged and due to the rise in tourism over the past couple of decades, many of these tribes have been commercially exploited.

It is important that the way of life of these mountain tribes is protected and that they benefit from any profits made from the hill-tribe trekking experience. For this reason, many of the operating tours in the northern region work with the tribes involved by contributing directly to their village life.

As the word 'trekking' suggests, there is a lot of walking involved and it is advisable to be relatively fit and prepared for the arduous trails that await. The distance travelled and the amount of villages seen per day depends on the tour company, as many will try to incorporate as much as possible into a day. It is advisable for travellers to check before booking so that their fitness level will match the trek they choose.

Bamboo-rafting on the river and elephant rides are usually included as part of the trek by many companies, although other extras can include traditional Thai cooking lessons and traditional singing and dancing with the village people.

Scuba Diving

Thailand has thousands of kilometres of coastline with warm, clear waters and a huge variety of marine life and coral reefs making it a haven for divers and snorkellers. Thousands of people learn to dive in Thailand every year and dive shops are located all over the southern peninsula. Between sites in the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, diving is possible year round. The best conditions are from October to April in the Andaman Sea, and May to September in the gulf.

The Phi Phi Islands are one of the most popular diving destinations in the Andaman Sea due to their closeness to prime dive sites within a marine national park. Coral reefs surround the islands making it a paradise for snorkellers too. From Phuket, dive trips leave for prime sites such as Red Rock, Shark Point, Koh Yao, Koh Raya and Koh Yai. Within the Gulf of Thailand, Sail Rock off the island of Samui is one of the most well-known, Pattaya is famous for its wreck dives, and the live coral formations around Koh Pha Ngan are popular with snorkellers. Koh Tao is the heart of diving and snorkelling in Thailand with over 50 diving schools and the ease of access of many of its sites makes it ideal for beginners. Trips depart from Koh Tao to the Mu Koh Ang Throng National Marine Park where divers and snorkellers can enjoy the corals.

Thai Cooking Lessons

Thai-cooking is an art the local people are more than happy to share, with cookery schools and classes springing up countrywide; Bangkok, Phuket, Koh Samui and Chiang Mai are the leading destinations for this appetising endeavour. Many resorts and hotels offer these courses for guests. The lessons are relatively cheap and feature unique highlights, from watching professional hotel chefs at work, to a more hands-on approach with local market shopping trips and a free recipe book. Course schedules vary from introductory classes aimed at providing a basic knowledge of Thai food to 10 days of intense and advanced culinary instruction.

Most of the schools or instructors have websites providing course and contact details, and internet bookings are possible. This is a wonderful activity that will stay with travellers long after their tans have faded, ensuring a vacation reminder and skill for life.

Public Holidays in Thailand